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Operant Conditioning - Coggle Diagram
Operant Conditioning
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primary reinforcer
basic human needs, e.g. food, water
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token economy
giving tokens when desirable behaviours are shown, or taken away because of undesirable behaviours.
tokens can be accumulated and exchanged for rewards
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successive approximations
when a behaviour that is in the general direction of what is desired, it is rewarded. after this, only behaviour that is more specific to what is desired is rewarded
Skinner's box
second variation
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the floor of the box was electrified. if the rat pulled the lever if would stop the electric current for 30 seconds (negative reward)
the rats learned to press the lever to stop the current, but Skinner noticed they learned faster when given positive rewards (food) compared to negative rewards (electric being turned off)
first variation
if the rat pulled the lever, a piece of food would drop down the food dispenser (positive reward) this would happen accidentally at first, but through contiguous reinforcement the rat quickly learned to pull the lever for food
the box contained:
- light
- lever
- food dispencer
CISAC
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issues and debates
HOLISTIC: looks at both a social and biological reasoning behind how reinforcement works. e.g. primary reinforcers are natural needs but rewarding/punishing certain behaviour is down to upbringing
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applications
can be applied to parenting, research done into operant condoning can determine what types of rewards or punishments work best and when/how to give them to ensure the child is well behaved
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