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THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN, image, image,…
THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XII: STABILITY OF THE REGIME
Bourbon Restoration
Bourbon dynasty resturned to Spanish throne
Alfonso XII crowned king
end of the First Republic
CONSTITUTION OF 1876
SOVEREIGNTY
hands of the parliament and king.
PARLIAMENT
Congress+Senate. The Senate was formed : by right, by royal appointment and elected.
SUFFRAGE
governments choose the system used. Until 1890, censitary suffrage was in place. After, there was universal manhood suffrage
RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS
Many rights were declared, slow process. Freedom of expression, association and assembly restricted
RELIGION
Catholicism --> official religion. Other religions were permitted, public expressions were prohibited.
TURNISMO
Cánovas del Castillo. Between the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party, alternate their power in order to avoid military uprisings
Conservative Party
Canovas del Castillo
supported by the aristocracy, the wealthiest bourgeoisie and the traditional middle classes
Liberal Party
Sagasta
progressive and regionalist middle class.
THE REGENCY OF MARIA CRISTINA
Alfonso XII died of tuberculosis
Maria cristina regent
pregnant with the future king Alfonso XIII
PROBLEM OF POPULAR REPRESENTATION
universal manhood suffrage
manipulations on the elections
REGIONAL PROBLEM
regional identity
Aragón, Valencia, Navarra, Asturias and Andalucía
nationalist movements
Galicia
catalan nationalism
1901 Regionalist League of Cataluña
wanted Cataluña to be a nation and active role in spanish politics
Basque nationalism
Sabino Arana
Basque Nationalist Party
no Spanish dimension
COLONIAL PROBLEM
USA + Cuba against Spain
Spain lost so ceded Cuba
Treaty of Paris
DISASTER OF 98
lost most of their colonies
GRADUAL ECONOMIC MODERNISATION IN SPAIN
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND THEIR ECONOMIC REPERCUSSIONS
high death rates so life expectancy 35 years
AGRICULTURAL CHANGES
inequality of land ownership
CACIQUISMO
controlled employment contracts and municipal jobs
rigged elections
FINANCIAL CHANGES
1865 Banco de españa
they wanted an economic growth
financial institutions that could provide capital and loans to businesses were created
tax system was unfair
LABOUR MOVEMENT
PSOE
Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party
UGT
General Union of Workers
