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citizenship paper 2 themes :flag-gb: - Coggle Diagram
citizenship paper 2 themes :flag-gb:
digital democracy
online voting
pros
:check: people can vote quicker and easier, as they can vote from home instead of having to trek to polling stations
:check: it is more accessible and people who couldn't get out to polling stations can now vote
:check: keeps up with the changing times and caters to younger demographic
:check: better for the environment, so less paper is used up for ballots
cons
:red_cross: if online voting got hacked it could be very dangerous for democracy, politics and especially people
:red_cross: could be used corruptly
:red_cross: for old people it could be difficult to use and their political stance could be misrepresented or they would just not vote
what is it?
online voting is when people can vote from home online instead of going all the way down to the polling station to vote physically
e-petition
pros
:check: people can get more involved in politics easier
:check: it is easier to get signatures as you have the whole internet instead of just your community to support you
:check: can reach the government quicker via the uk gov petition website
cons
:red_cross: petitions with dangerous ideas could get a lot of signatures and have to be discussed by the government
:red_cross: could get hacked or trolled
social media
pros
:check: can target a younger audience and get them to vote
:check: information can spread quickly and easily
cons
:red_cross: misinformation can also be spread quickly
:red_cross: people can impersonate government officials and troll/hack
:red_cross: could confuse the elderly
:red_cross: it isnt very personal and doesn't include constituents like door to door canvassing
door to door canvassing is good as it bridges the disconnect that TV brings and lets people see the politician as a person rather than a figure
however they can't cover a large audience of potential voters and it takes quite a long time
the media
ipso
ipso regulates all newspapers and magazines in the uk, so that they can't print anything that goes against the editors code of conduct or anything directly wrong or biased. if a newspaper does they can fine them or even shut them down
editors code of practice
clause 2) privacy
It is unacceptable to photograph individuals, without their consent, in public or private places where there is a reasonable expectation of privacy.
clause 1) accuracy
The Press must take care not to publish inaccurate, misleading or distorted information or images, including headlines not supported by the text.
ofcom
ofcom regulates tv and radio in the uk, so that they can't do anything offensive or wrong, like ipso for tv and radio
newspaper
censorship
free press
left wing and right wing investigative jounalsisms
investigative journalism
when journalists investigate a situation in depth, often putting themselves into the situation. the issue is usually covered up by someone in power, whether this be deliberately or accidentally
an example of this is BBC panorama
international organisations
united nations
international organisation that aims to keep global peace, security and develop good international relations
developed after WW2
it has 17 sustainable development goals
no poverty, zero hunger, good health and wellbeing, quality education, gender equality etc.
successes!
:check: helps build schools, free education, support for refugees through temporary accommodation, set up the UDHR, peace summits annually to discuss conflicts, climate change summits, provides emergency and disaster relief
they have peace keepers also, that go into active conflict zones to go and evacuate citizens and try and support them as much as possible. this would hopefully mean less loss of life
failures!
:red_cross: they ignored the rwandan genocide in 1994 and only evacuated the peacekeepers and not the civilians, they can also be slow acting in other conflicts
:red_cross: they don't have any jurisdiction to punish countries that go against the rules and can't do anything about it: they can't actively make countries stop conflict :
:red_cross: the summits are also full of empty promises as they can't really do anything to keep them
they have annual peace summits to try and keep peace, however there are 5 countries on the security council who can veto things when they feel like it, which can make decision making hard. the countries are britain, france, america, russia and china
the commonwealth
has 56 member states, most of whom were part of the british empire. it is basically countries who were a part of the british empire
three aims: develop human rights, develop democracy, develop rule of law
pros
:check: many countries are a part of it and it has a huge influence
:check: shared culture and history
:check:keeps good international relations
:check: for us, we could use it as a trade route now we have left the EU
cons
:red_cross: some members are anti lgbtq+, 33 members out of the 56
:red_cross: glorifies colonialism
:red_cross: the british empire was prominent in the slave trade and that shouldnt be celebrated
nato
north atlantic treaty organisation
provides military alliance for all countries involved. if a nato country gets invaded then the rest get involved.
pros
:check: collective defence means better military :check: deterrent to non member countries :check: joint cyber defence means technology can develop further and faster :check:for britain, having the protection of america with the worlds biggest military is an advantage
cons
:red_cross: standardising the military is very costly for the uk :red_cross: britain could be dragged into an unnecessary wars :red_cross: contributions to nato are unequal: countries need to pay 2% gdp and only 5 countries do whilst the rest pay less
world trade organisation
tries to make an even playing field for trade, so poorer countries don't get exploited and everything is fair
pros
unicef
a branch of the UN dedicated to children's rights
examples of articles:
article 2 :arrow_right: no discrimination
article 28 :arrow_right: right to education
article 16 :arrow_right: right to privacy
article 13 :arrow_right: freedom of expression
article 19 :arrow_right: protection from violence, abuse and neglect
wrote the unicef convention on the rights of a child
geneva conventions
establishes the rule of international law for war, first agreed in 1949
main ideas are that: citizens must never be targeted, don't target infrastructure that keeps civilians alive, no torture and treat detainees humanely, medical workers must not be attacked under any circumstamces
international criminal court
holds countries to account for war crimes if they don't hold themselves accountable
doesn't try states, only indvividuals
criticisms :red_cross:
most of the witnesses are dead, therefore some countries are found innocent
biased against some countries (mostly african countries)
doesn't hold america to account for their war crimes
eu
aim is to support and promote trading in european countries to help grow economies
the key principle is the single market: no extra tariff is charged on imported and exported goods in the eu!
pros
:check: unrestricted travel for british people :check: free access to the second largest economy in the world :check: maintains good relationships
cons
:red_cross: british nationalism, britain should make laws concerning britain and not the eu :red_cross: without the eu, the uk could have closer trading relations with countries outside of the eu, as the do not allow this :red_cross: unrestricted access of european migrants (in my opinion not a con)
different groups and organisations
trade unions
trade unions negotiate working conditions
trade unions have gotten us: sick pay, the two day weekend, maternity and paternity leave
they are trying to secure the ending of zero hour contracts
examples: national education union,
NGO's
pressure groups