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IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES, image, image, image, image, image, image…
IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES
IMPERIALISM
last third of 19th century
start of the Second Industrial Revolution
most important European states expanded
colonising territories
large number of territories controlled by European powers
aim of the expansion
subject other peoples to imperial states
imperialism
causes of imperialism
rivalry between industrialized countries
competed with each other to guarantee raw materials
they wanted to secure trade routes and political prestige
intense opulation growth
led to more overseas emigration
33 million Europeans left the continent and moved to other places
industrial revolution
required raw materials found far from Europe
development of European Industrial production demanded
new consumer markets all over the world
ideological and cultural factors
Europe wanted to civilise the rest of the world
with a feeling of racial superiority
colonial empires 1914
the British Empire was the most extensive
the French Empire the second most extensive
the British controlled almost a quarter of the world
a population of 345 million inhabitants
COLONIAL TERRITORIES
Imperialist expansion led to colonialism
mother country exploded colonies according to interests
America had undergone colonisation it was independent
Colonisation of Asia
the Indian Peninsula colonised by the British
France took control of Indochina
Great Britain took control of of Malaysia
the Dutch replaced Prortugal's former rule
China was still independent
ruled by an emperor
felt the effects of imperialist pressure from USA and Europe
it had to cede the control of its mines
had to allow areas of importance for foreign trade
The British took advantage of the Chinese
the Chinese rebelled in The First Opium War (1839-1942)
were defeated by the British
the Treaty of Nanking was signed 1842
Hong Kong became a British colony
The hegemony of the United States in America
Anti-colonialist past
United States began military interventions
defend its economic and strategic interests
these territories were annexed
Hawaiian Islands
the Philippines
Puerto Rico
the Panama Canal
Cuba
they reserved the right to military intervention
to achieve this
they fought Spain
encouraged Panama to separate from Colombia
subdued the Philippines rebels in a war
Colonisation of Africa
In 1885
Germany organized the Berlin West African Conference
to decide how Africa would be divided into Europeans
Germany's late unification
feared their opportunity for colonial expansion
British wanted to establish colonies from Egypt to Cape Town
France controlled the Sahara
Portugal controlled large inland areas
France and Portugal wanted corridors from the Atlantic to the Ocean coast
TYPES OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS
three types
protectorates
the mother country only controlled
economic matters
foreign relations
it was imposed in Asia and Morocco
dominions
territories of the British Empire
occupied by a new population of Europeans
with great autonomy
they had their own institutions
exapmples
Australia
New Zealand
Canada
colonies
territories
allowed weak local countries to control all aspects
political
cultural
economic
it was applied Africa
France imposed this model in Indochina
CONSEQUENCES OF IMPERIALISM
very different from the colonized countries
colonial expansion
consolidated inequalities
in the global production of goods
colonies specialized in producing cheap raw materials
mother countries produced higher value products
colonisation involved violence
this led to atrocities like the genocide
colonisation altered the social structure
a new social order was imposed
based on racial discrimination against indigenous people
resulted in the breakdown of the tribal society
the way the territories were divided
based on the interests of the occupying countries
not based on local factors
artificial borders were created
divided tribes and ethnic groups
resulted in conflicts in the future
colonisationopened doors to
advances in industrialized countries
medicine
law
administration
not everybody enjoyed these benefits
