Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES - Coggle Diagram
IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES
IMPERIALISM
The main aim of this expansion to subject other peoples to imperial states.
CAUSES OF IMPERIALISM
Intense population growth
Europe led to more overseas emigration
Between 1871 and 1911, 33 million Europeans left the continent
Ideological and cultural factors
played a role
Europe wanted to ‘civilise’ the rest of the world, in some cases with a feeling of racial superiority.
Industrial development
new raw materials that were found in territories far away from Europe
development of European industrial production demanded new consumer markets be established over the world.
Rivalry between industrialised countries
competed with each other to guarantee a supply of raw materials
secure trade routes and to obtain political prestige
COLONIAL EMPIRES IN 1914
The British Empire was by far the most extensive, followed at some distance by the French Empire.
TYPES OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
types
Protectorates
Territories where the mother country decided not to intervene in matters of local politics
controled only economic matters and foreign relations
This model was used primarily in Asia
British protectorate in India
France and Spain had protectorates in Morocco.
Dominions
Territories of the British Empire, occupied almost entirely by a new population of European origin
great autonomy and their own institutions.
Australia
New Zealand
Canada
Colonies
Territories where weak local power allowed mother countries to control all aspects of the country
political
cultural
economic
This model was applied in many parts of Africa
Congo
controlled by the Belgians
France imposed this model of government in Indochina.
CONSEQUENCES OF IMPERIALISM
The consequences of colonial expansion for colonising countries were very different from the countries that were colonised.
inequalities in the global production of goods
colonies specialised in producing cheap raw materials
the mother countries manufactured and sold industrial products of higher added value
violence against the people
lead atrocities like the genocide in the Belgian Congo
colonisation severely altered the social structure of the indigenous populations
colonisation severely altered the social structure of the indigenous populations
result the breakdown of the traditional tribal society
way in which territories were divided
ased on the interests of the occupying powers and not on local factors
result
artificial borders created
advances in industrialised countries
medicine
administration
law
not everybody enjoyed these benefits
STRATEGIC CONTROL OVER CANALS
great powers wanted the Panama Canal (1914) and the Suez Canal (1869)
reasons
political reasons
shorten international shipping routes
COLONIAL TERRITORIES
system in which the mother country exploited the colonies according to its interests
COLONISATION OF AFRICA
Germany organised the Berlin West Africa Conference
decide how Africa would be divided amongst the European powers, all of which had different interests
Germany feared that it would miss its opportunity for colonial expansion
AFRICA IN 1870
AFRICA IN 1914
COLONISATION OF ASIA
Indian Peninsula was colonised by the British, who considered it ‘the jewel in the Crown’.
France took control of Indochina and Great Britain of Malaysia, while the Dutch replaced Portugal’s former rule over modern-day Indonesia.
China was still an independent country
ruled by its emperor and ancient institutions, it also felt the effects of imperialist pressures from Europe and the USA.
opened up ports in important coastal cities
Canton
Shanghai
ASIA IN 1912
THE HEGEMONY OF THE UNITED STATES IN AMERICA
United States began numerous military interventions throughout the American continent to defend its economic and strategic interests.
