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IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES, image, image, image, image, image, image…
IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES
Imperialism
Large number of territories became controlled by European powers, main aim was to subject other peoples to imperial states
CAUSES
Industrial development required new raw materials
Rivalry between industrialised countries
Intense population growth in Europe led to more overseas emigration
Ideological and cultural factors also played a role
COLONIAL EMPIRES IN 1914
British controlled almost a quarter of the world
Colonial territories
Imperialist expansion led to the development of colonialism, system which the mother country exploited the colonies according to its interests
COLONISATION OF AFRICA
In 1885 Germany organised the Berlin West Africa Conference to decide how Africa would be divided amongst the European powers
Germany feared that it would miss its opportunity for colonial expansion
France controlled Sahara and its bordering countries
Portugal controlled large inland areas
COLONISATION OF ASIA
Indian Peninsula was colonised by the British
France took control of Indochina and Great Britain of Malaysia
British took advantage of the Chinese authorities
Chinese rebelled against this in the First Opium War but were defeated by British
HEGEMONY OF UNITED STATES IN AMERICA
United States began numerous military interventions throughout the American continent to defend its economic and strategic interests
Types of colonial government
Colonies
Territories where weak local power allowed mother countries to control all aspects of the country
Dominions
Territories of British Empire, occupied almost entirely by a new population of European origin
Protectorates
Territories where the mother country decided not to intervene in matters of local politics, controlling economic matters and foreign relations
Consequences of imperialism
The way in which territories were divided, was based on interests of occupying powers and not on local factors
Artificial borders were created
Colonial expansion consolidated inequalities in global production of goods
Colonisation involved violence against the people
Colonisation opened the door to certain advances in industrialised countries
