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The Disintegration of the Political Nation, 1646 - 1649 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 1647 Mar - Purge of officer ranks
        
        1647 Mar - Publication of the Levellers Large petition
        
        1647 25th May - Parl vote to disband the NMA
        
        1647 31st May - Mutiny of two regiments
        
        1647 2nd June - Seizure of the king
        
        1647 4th June - General Rendezvous of the army
  - - - Parliament began to plan to reduce the financial burden by deploying some units in Ireland and in Feb 1647 the units not deployed were disbanded as well as the purge of the officer ranks in March
        
        The NMA initially responded with the humble petition which requested all soldiers pay be brought up to date
        
        however parliament responded with the declaration of dislike which labelled petitioners as enemies of the state and following this Parliament voted to appoint only Presbyterian generals and to carry out a purge of independents
        
        In April, 8 cavalry regiments put forward agitators (spokesmen) and a majority of officers showed support for the agitators as a representative by publishing an endorsement of the humble petition, the Vindication of the Officers in the Army
        
        As a response, Parliament diffused the vindication asking the regiments to send individual requests and tensions started rising when the NMA demanded the impeachment of 11 Presbyterians
        
        On 25th May, Parliament voted to disband the army but officers in the rank and file stuck together and within 4 days Fairfax had declared a general rendezvous but two regiments did mutiny
        
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    - - The Solemn Engagement was handed to Parliament whilst the NMA was rendezvoused and the NMA began to march on to London however whilst there they were dismissed and Parliament voted to disband the army
    - - This was a document handed to Parliament which requested a purge of the armies political enemies and guaranteed right of freedom to those who petition parliament
  - - - Typically Antinomians who took Calvins ideas about Predestination and believed that god had already decided who would go to heaven or not so believed that sinning would make no difference
    - - Anabaptists believed political turbulence as evidence the apocalypse was near but Particular Baptists disassociated themselves from this
- - - - 2nd Aug - Heads of the Proposals
        
        4th Aug - Army enters London
        
        21st Aug - Solemn Engagement published by Londoners
        
        Oct - The agreement of the People
        
        11th Nov - Escape of King Charles
        
        14th Dec - The Four Bills
        
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  - - - On 2nd August 1647, the council of the army published the "heads of the proposals" aimed at the king and its key terms were: no longer than two year gaps between parliaments, electoral reform, parliamentary control and act of oblivion which granted widespread indemnity from warcrimes
        
        London reacted to this in support of the King to try to get him to sign a settlement with the Scots but Charles still believed the balance was in his favour, he was very wrong as the army stormed parliament triumphantly
      - Divisions within the army
        
        People were annoyed at how moderate the heads of proposals were and leveller ideas began to pickup pace and there were complaints the grandees betrayed the soldiers and were conceding to much to the King
        
        Putney debates
        
        These were debates regarding the army split mainly between the levellers and the grandees. Cromwell tried to keep the two sides together but levellers claimed the Grandees were one with the king. However, the debates ended suddenly when Fairfax and Cromwell ordered all to go back to their regiments as there was growing evidence Charles was plotting somthing
- - - - Charles had secretly negotiated with the Scots whilst in Carisbrooke Castle 1647-48 and in return he'd introduce a Presbyterian settlement on the CofE for 3 years, unite the two kingdoms, disband english armies but he still refused to subscribe to the covenant
    - - In January 1648, Parliament declared they will make no further addresses with the King after his double dealing and agreement with Scots
        
        This made military battle the only way forward
    - - On Christmas Day 1647, the Canterbury citizens, annoyed by the abolition of christmas festivities rioted. In response Parliament sent 3000 soldiers and besieged the town
    - - In March 1648, Colonel Poyer, a Parliamentary commander at Penbroke castle declared himself for the King after not receiving financial rewards for his loyalty to Parliament
        
        As a result, Cromwell besieged the castle over 7 weeks and then Haverfordwest to prevent further rebellion
    - - Parliament had controlled Kent + Essex from early 1642 and used heavy taxation there. The imposition of Parliaments religious agenda resulted in a petition being created and signed by 20,000. A march to Blackheath was then planned but was pushed back by Fairfax and his army
  - - - 1647 Dec - engagement with Scots
        
        1648 Jan - Vote of no Addresses
        
        1648 Apr - Royalist attack on Berwick
        
        1648 25th Aug - Surrender of Hamiltons royalist army
        
        1649 March - Final royalist defeat at Pontefract
  - - - July - Cromwell orders Haverfordwest castle to be destroyed
        
        28th Apr - Langdale leads invasion force to Berwick
        
        30th Apr - Musgrave leads invasion force to Carlisle
        
        May-June - Kentish rebellion
        
        June - Aug - Siege of Colchester
        
        Aug - Battle of Preston
        
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  - - - Here, Parliaments army devastated the Scots in two and Hamilton surrendered
- - - - 18th Sep - Treaty of Newport discussions open
        
        20th Nov - Remonstrance of the army
        
        6th Dec - Prides purge
        
        1649 4th Jan - Commons declare independence from King and Lords
        
        20th Jan - Trial of King Charles I
        
        27th Jan - Guilty verdict
        
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  - - - The army began to believe the King was god's enemy
    - - On 24th August Parliament revoked the vote of no addresses and prepared for peace conferences at Newport
        
        At the start the talks went well with the King agreeing most (Presbyterian settlement and parl to control army and navy for 20 years as well as Charles to stop dealing with Irish) but as talks dragged on Charles continued to double deal with the Irish
        
        The army hated this and drafted the remonstrance of the army which affirmed the vote of no addresses and bring Charles to justice
    - - When Parliament delayed discussions on the remonstrance Colonel Pride stood at the door of parliament and prevented presbyterians entering. They then arrested 45 and excluded 180 and the remaining members passed the vote of no addresses. The MP's who remained were immediately known as the rump
    - - Ludlow had claimed Fairfax had been informed of the purge the night before and by december, Fairfax was clearly helpless and adrift. It's probable he had no influence in the events leading up to the purge and by summer 1649 he had retired
        
        Cromwell most likely knew about the events of Pride's Purge as Ireton was his son in law, but he remained in the north, suggesting he wanted to remain at distance from the events
  - - - The HoL rejected the ordinance but then then the Rump appointed a committee including Cromwell + Ireton which allowed the commons to create + pass laws without the Lords or Kings consent. The commons then created a high court of justice to trial Charles
        
        The trial was held in the Great Hall at Westminster, rails were brought in so people could view. When the trial began, confusion began as new and traditional proceedings were mixed up.
    - - The president of the court (Bradshaw) challenged commons to stand up to the King to preserve liberty
        
        The arguments against the king was for his Tyrannical behaviour as he took peoples freedoms and liberties to ensure his own power
        
        Charles just challenged the authority of the court and was therefore silenced
        
        Charles was sentenced to death being called a "Tyrant, traitor, murderer"
        
        Only 59 of the 135 commissioners at the trial signed the death warrant
        
        Charles was executed on the 30th January 1649