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AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIES - Coggle Diagram
AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIES
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- India has a short crushing season. Industry is seasonal in nature.
- There is no proper utilisation of by-products.
- Mills are small and uneconomical in size.
- Mills are located away from sugarcane growing areas. This affects the sucrose content as well as leads to an increase in the transportation.
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- Bagasse - paper, carboard.
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COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY:They are the largest employer in the country. Mumbai is referred to as Cottonopolis of India.
Maharashtra and Gujarat are the chief regions of this industry.
- Availability of Cheap hydroelectricity supplied by tata hydroelectric power supply in the western ghats.
- Humid climate of the region helps in the production of finer yarn and prevents the breaking of thread.
- Mumbai is well connected via roadways, railways and airways which facilitates the transportation of raw cotton and finished products to all parts if the country.
- Supply of skilled and unskilled labour from surrounding states like Punjab and Rajasthan.
- Raw cotton is sourced from Deccan Plateau region. Black cotton soil of this region supports the growth of raw cotton.
- India is a tropical country that has a ready market and demand for cotton products.
Next to Maharashtra, Gujarat is the second largest cotton textile manufacturing state. Ahmedabad is the leading centre because of these factors:-
- Ahmedabad lies near the black soil region, which is a cotton growing region of the Kathiawar peninsula and the Deccan traps. There are not too many challenges in obtaining raw cotton.
- Region has a good network of communication via roadways, railways, airways. It also enjoys advantage of being located next to Kandla port.
- Derives labour from neighbouring densely populated states as well as locally.
- Enjoys humid climate which is needed for this industry.
- Finds a better market as it is located close to Northern India which has a ready market.
- Lands in Ahmedabad are relatively cheaper.
Kolkata, West Bengal is another important centre in India. The industry has grown despite the region lacking in raw cotton. Raw cotton, being a lightweight raw material, is transported from the cotton growing region of deccan at much cheaper transport cost.
These are the facilities:-
- located near the coalfields of Raniganj and Jharia.
- Enjoys humid climate.
- Enjoys port facility.
- No dearth of labour as the region is densely populated.
- Region is well-connected by roadways and railways.
- Since the region has a marked summer, it is also an important market for cotton products.
PROBLEMS FACED BY THE COTTON INDUSTRY
- Shortage of raw material. During partition, major cotton growing areas remained with Pakistan and the mills were with India. Since then, the shortage of raw materials has been faced.
- Large number of mills have been sick due to lack of investment and modernisation.
- Loss of foreign market due to high cost of production.
- Low productivity of the industry is due to lack of automatic looms and frequent strikes by the workers.
SILK INDUSTRY
It is part of the small scale and cottage industries. The industry has been reigning in West Bengal and Karnataka.The rearing of silk worms to obtain silk is known as sericulture
Produces two types of silk:-
- Mulberry - Karnataka, West Bengal
- Non-mulberry (tussar, eri, muga) - Assam and bihar.
FACTORS FOR THE CONCENTRATION OF SILK IN KARNATAKA
- Climate is favourable for the rearing of silk worms raised on mulberry leaves.
- Mulberry plant is grown in plantations as the temperature range of 16-30 degrees is suitable for mulberry.
- Silkworm 'Bombyx Mori' is reared throughout the year.
- New scientific technology is used.
- Silk industry provides employment to a large number of women. Men work at plantations.
SUGAR INDUSTRY
This industry is the second largest agro based industry after the cotton textile industry.Centres of sugar production:-North - Uttar Pradesh, Bihar.
South - Maharashtra, Karnataka.CONCENTRATION OF SUGAR INDUSTRY IN UTTAR PRADESH AND BIHAR
- In UP, ideal climatic conditions required for growth of sugarcane is present.
- Coal is obtained from Jharia coalfields in Jharkhand.
- Region is well connected by roadways and railways.
- The region is densely populated and provides skilled and unskilled labour.
- Kanpur is an important distribution and marketing centre.
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