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Joan Torres 5th Period Respiratory system - Coggle Diagram
Joan Torres
5th Period
Respiratory system
Major Functions
of Respiratory System
Supply blood w/ oxygen for cellular respiration
Disposes of carbon dioxide
Functions in olfaction (smelling)
Functions in speech
Upper Respiratory
Structures/Functions
Paranasal Sinuses - lightens skull, secretes mucus, warms/moisten air
Pharynx - carries food, air, fluid from nose & mouth
Nose/Nasal Cavity - airway for respiration, moistens/warms air, filters/cleans inspired air, speech chamber, olfactory receptors
Lower Respiratory
Structures/Functions
Larynx - patents airway, routes air/food into respected channels, voice
Trachea - Carries oxygen to lungs (carries carbon dioxide out of lungs)
Bronchi/Branches - carries air into lungs
Lungs/Alveoli - Exchange between oxygen & carbon dioxide, allows breathing
Diaphragm - pulls air into the lungs
Pleurae Layers
Parietal Pleura - membrane on thoracic wall, superior face of diaphragm, around heart & btwn lungs (outside)
Visceral Pleura - membrane on external lung surface (inside)
Pleural Fluid - fills pleural cavity which provides lubricant and assists w/ lungs
Compare/Contrast
Inspiration/Expiration
Similarities - both involve gas transportation, they are apart of the breathing process (pulmonary ventilation), both have the diaphragm involved
Inspiration - gas going into lungs, involves inspiratory muscles contracting (diaphragm/external intercostals), increases thoracic cage volume, intrapulmonary pressure decrease
Expiration - gas going out of the lungs, thoracic cage decreases, muscles relax, intrapulmonary pressure increase
Volume/Pressure In
Thoracic Cavity
Atmospheric Pressure - Patm; pressure exerted by air surrounding body; 760mm Hg = 1 atm
Intrapulmonary Pressure - Ppul; aka intra-alveolar pressure, fluctuates w/ breathing, eventually equals to Patm
Transpulmonary Pressure - (Ppul - Pip); keeps lungs open and keeps them from collapsing
Intrapleural Pressure - Pip; pressure in pleural cavity, always negative, 2 inward forces promote lung collapse (lung's recoil and surface tension of alveolar fluid)
Respiratory Volumes
Capacities
Tidal Volume - TV; amt of air moved in/out of lung w/ each breath (500ml = avg)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume - IRV; amt of air that can be inspired beyond TV (2100-3200ml)
Expiratory Reserve Volume - ERV; amt of air that can be expelled beyond from lungs (1000-1200ml)
Residual Volume - RV; amt air always in lungs (keeps alveoli open)
Inspiratory Capacity (IC) - TV + IRV
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) - RV + ERV
Vital Capacity (VC) - TV + IRV + ERV
Total Lung Capacity (TLC) - TV + IRV + ERV + RV
Internal Respiration v. External Respiration
Internal Respiration - diffusion (gas exchange) between blood and tissues
External Respiration - diffusion (gas exchange ) between blood and lungs
Respiratory Disorders
Tonsillitis - inflamed and swollen tonsils that block air passages in nasopharynx; results in breathing w/ mouth
Laryngitis - vocal folds inflammation and swelling, interferes w/ vibrations, causes hoarse tone, caused by infections, voice overuse, dry air, bacteria, tumors, chemicals
Pleurisy - pleurae inflammation from pneumonia, resulting in stabbing pain when breathing, hinder breathing, fluid accumulation
Pleural Effusion - fluid buildup within the pleurae cavity
Atelectasis - Lung collapse from either plugged bronchioles or pneumothorax (from wound in pleurae)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder COPD - illnesses and such relating to the lungs, caused by dust exposure, age, genetics, symptoms include chronic coughing, lung damage, and heart disease
Tuberculosis - bacterial infection in respiratory system from mycobacterium tuberculosis, caused by contagion, drugs/alcohol abuse, weak immunity, symptoms include fever, chest pain, tachycardia
Pneumonia - bacterial/viral infection of lungs, caused by bacteria, aspiration, viral infection, symptoms include fever, chills, diarrhea
Lung Cancer - uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumor in lungs, caused by second-hand smoke, radon gas, genetics, symptoms include chest pain, fatigue, weight loss
Seasonal Flu - viral infection w/ many variations changing rapidly which changes severity, caused by inhaled respiratory droplets, pregnancy, living condition, symptoms include dry cough, fatigue, chills