Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Respiratory System Per.3 Cynthia Jaimes - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System Per.3 Cynthia Jaimes
Compare and Contrast Mechanism of Inspiration and Expiration
Expiration
Air rushes out of the lungs
Diaphragm and external intercostals muscles relax
Inspiration
Air moves from higher to lower pressure
Diaphragm moves downwards, external intercostals move parts upward and outward
Major Functions of Respiratory System
Get O2, remove CO2 from the body
Filter, warm, and moisturize air
Transport gas
Provide vocal sounds and sense of smell
Regulates blood pH
Breaks down nutrients and releases energy and produces ATP
Volume and Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity
Increase in volume lowers pressure in thoracic cavity
Layers of Pleurae
Visceral Pleura
Inner layer
Attached to the surface of each lung
Parietal Pleura
Outer layer
Lines the thoraic cavity
Upper Respiratory Structures and Functions
Nasal Cavity
Warms, moisturizes and filters incoming air and supports mucus membrane
Sinuses
Reduces weight of the skull and a resonant chamber for the voice
Nose
Openings for entrance and exit of air, also prevents entry of particles
Pharynx (throat)
Passageway for air and food, also produces sound for speech
Lower Respiratory Structures and Functions
Trachea (windpipe)
Passageway for air; mucous lining continues to filter particles from incoming air
Bronchial tree
Conducts air from trachea to alveoli and filters incoming air
Larynx (voice box)
Transports air in and out of trachea and stops foregin objects from entering; houses vocal cords
Lungs
Has air passages to alveoli, blood vessels, connective tissue, lymphatic vessels and nerves
Respiratory Volume and Capacities
Respiratory Capacities
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
~3,500 mL
Maximal volume of air that can be inhaled following exhalation of resting tidal volume: IC = TV + IRV
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
~2,300 mL
Volume of air that remains the lungs following exhalation of resting tidal volume: FRC = ERV + RV
Vital Capacity (VC)
Maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after taking the deepest breath possible: VC = TV + IRV + ERV
~4,600 mL
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
~5,800 mL
Total volume of air that the lungs can hold: TLC = VC +RV
Respiratory Volumes
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
~3,000 mL
Maximal volume of air that can be inhaled at the end of a resting inspiration
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
~1,000 mL
Maximal volume of air that can be exhaled at the end of a resting expiration
Tidal Volume (TV)
~500 mL
Volume of air moved in or out of the lungs during respiratory cycle
Residual Volume (RV)
~1,200 mL
Volume of air that remains in the lungs, even after a maximal expiraation
Internal vs. External Respiration
Internal Respiration
Gas exchange between blood and body cells
External Respiration
Gas exchange between lungs and blood
Disorders of the Respiratory System
Pneumonia
Some causes are bacterial infection, impaired immune system or aspiration
Some symptoms seen are fever, chest pain or diarrhea
Bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
Some treatments are over the counter medication, antibiotics or oxygen therapy
Lung Cancer
Some causes are smoking, radon gas or air pollution
Some symptoms seen are chest pain, blood in sputum or fatigue
Uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in the lungs
Some treatments are chemotherapy, surgical removal or targeted therapy
Tuberculosis
Some causes are drug or alchol abuse, contagious inhaled or weakened immune system
Some symptoms seen are coughing with thick mucus, weight loss and nights sweats or chest pain
Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by Mycobaterium tuberculosis
Some treatments are long-term antibiotics, surgery or medication
Seasonal Flu
Some causes are inhaled in respiratory droplets, weakened immune system or chronic illness
Some symptoms seen are dry coughing, body ache or fever
A viral infection; many variations that changes rapidly
Some treatments are early vaccination, anti-viral medication or rest and hydration
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder)
Some causes are asthmatic bronchitis, tobacco smoking or genetics
Some symptoms seen are chronic coughing, shortness of breath or increased mucus
Disease that block airflow like chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma
Some treatments are smoking cessation, oxygen therapy or lung reduction