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Antibiotics - Coggle Diagram
Antibiotics
Bacteriostatic
Stop reproduction
Bactericidal
Killing
Both
Cell wall synthesis inh
Β-lactams
Penicillins
Naturales
Penicilin G
Penicillin V
Anti-staphylococcal
Oxacilin
Nafcilin
Dicloxacillin
Aminopenicillins
Amooxicillin
Ticarcillin
Antipseudomonal
Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
Cephalosporins
1ra
2da
3ra
4ta
5ta
Carbapenems
Imipenem
Meropenem
Ertapenem
Doripenem
Monobactams
Aztreonam
Mechanism
Bind to penicilin-binding proteins (PBP) -> crosslinking of peptidoglycan layer
Bactericidal
Group of medications that contain beta-lactam ring
Renal elimination
Glycopeptides
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Teicoplanin
Telavancin
Dalvavancin
Oritavancin
Binds to D-alanyl-D-alanin section of pepttidoglycan precursor
Bactericidal
Bacteriostatic vs
C. difficile
Epoxides
Fosfomycin
Inactivate enolpyruvate transferase
Inhibits N-acetylmuramic acid
Disruption of peptidoglycan synth.
Bactericidal
Disruption of cell membrane integrity
Lipopeptides
Daptomycin
Lipid portion binds to bacterial cytoplasmic membtane
Forms channels
Intracellular K+ efflux
Bacterial cell membrane depolarization
Bactericidal
Polymyxins
Polymyxin E (Colistin)
Polymyxin B
Cationic detergents bind to outer membrane
Increases permeability
Bactericidal
Inh. of protein synthesis - 30S
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Neomycin
Inh initiation complex
Protein mistranslation
Bactericidal
Tetracyclines
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Eravacycline
Sarecycline
Omadacycline
Block incoming aminoacyl-tRNA with aminoacids
Decrease protein synthesis
Bacteriostatic
Glyglycines
Tigecycline
Block incoming aminoacyl-tRNA with aas
Decrease protein synth
Bacteriostatic
Inh. of protein synthesis - 50S
Macrolides and Ketolides
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Bind to 23S rRNA
Inh. transpeptidation, translocation and chain elongation
Decrease protein synth.
Bacteriostatic
Lincosamides
Clindamycin
Impair transpeptidation
Inhibition of chain elongation
Decrease protein synth.
Increase opsonization and phagocytosis
Inhibit a-Toxin expression
Bacteriostatic
Streptogramins
Quinupristin-dalfopristin
Binds to 23S portion of 50S subunit
Conformation change
Facilitation of binding quinupristin
Binds and blocks 50S subunit
Inh polypeptide elongation
Decrease protein synth
Bactericidal in combination
Bacteriostatic separately
Oxazolidinones
Linezolid
Prevent association of 50S with 30S subunit
Impairment of initiation complex formation
Early interruption of protein synth
Bacteriostatic
Only bactericidal vs
Streptococci
Amphenicols
Chloramphenicol
Prevent binding of aminoacid-containing aminoacil-tRNA
Inhibition of peptidyltransferase
Decrease protein synth
Bacteriostatic
Bactericidal in higher concentrations
DNA gyrase inh
Fluoroquinolones
Norfloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Gemifloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Enoxacin
Inhibit prokaryotic topoisomerase 2 and topoisomerase 4
Inh DNA synth
Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal
Disruption of DNA integrity
Nitroimidazoles
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Prodrug
Free radical formation
SSB in DNA molecules
Bactericidal and antiprotozoal
Inh. of folic acid synth and reduction
Sulfonamides and diaminopyrimidines
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine
Solfisozaxole
Prevent bacterial tetrahydrofolate (THF) formation
Decreases DNA methylation
Bactericidal
Sulfamethozaxole
Bacteriostatic
Trimethoprim
Antimycobacterial
Rifamycins
Rifampin
Block mRNA synt via DNA-dependent-RNApol
Decrease protein synth
Bacteriostatic and bactericidal
Rifabutin
Rifaximin
Hydrazides
Isoniazid
Prodrug
Bactericidal
Inh mycolic acid synth
Decrease cell wall synth
Nicotinamides
Pyrazinamide
Prodrug
Bacteriostatic
Ethylenediamine derivatives
Ethambutol
Inh arabinosyltransferase
Decreases cell wall synth
Bacteriostatic
Sulfones
Dapsone
Competitive antagonism of para-aminobenzoic acid
Inh dihydrofolic acid synth
Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal
Others
Nitrofurans
Prodrug
Bind to bacterial ribosomes
Inh of DNA, RNA and protein synth
Bacteriostatic
Bactericidal in higher concentrations