Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
TUMOURIGENESIS AND CELL SIGNALLING - Coggle Diagram
TUMOURIGENESIS AND CELL SIGNALLING
WHAT IS CANCER
group of diseases identified by unregulated cell growth leading to metastasis
CANCER DEVELOPS PROGRESSIVELY
starts from normal tissue
tissue becomes hyperplastic
mild dysplasia
carcinoma in situ (severe dysplasia)
cancer invasive
CARCINOGENESIS PROGRESSION
INITIATION
CAUSE
carcinogen (tobacco smoke)
inherited (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)
most cells with genetic changes are deleted but some are not
the cells that are not may have errors in the genes involved in DNA replication/repair
leads to preneoplastic cell
TYPES OF GENETIC CHANGE
abnormal gene activation (oncogenes)
gene inactivation (tumour suppressor)
epigenetic mechanisms
PROMOTION
acquiring further genetic changes
exposure to carcinogens/cellular growth factors
perturbation of pro-oncogenes
PROGRESSION
cells acquired many changes in pathways
errors in genes associated with cell proliferation, death, DNA repair
cells may have metastatic potential