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GENDER - ANDROGYNY : BSRI - Coggle Diagram
GENDER - ANDROGYNY : BSRI
Androgyny = when an individual
displays a balance of masculine + feminine characteristics in one's personality
E.g. attitudes, behaviours and traits
E.g. a man/woman who is competitive and aggressive at work but a caring/sensitive parent
However, the over-representation of opposite-sex characteristics is not androgyny
E.g. a female who is very masculine
In order to measure androgyny
Bem created the BSRI
BSRI APPEARS TO BE VALID AND RELIABLE MEASURE
Bem conducted a follow up study a month later with a smaller number of her original sample, and found they have showed similar scores
This suggests the scale has high test-retest reliability
There's high correlation coefficient when tested at a late point (1 month)
However, some psychologists have claimed that gender identity is too complex to be reduced to a single scores as it is much more of a global concept + therefore Bem's methods may not be valid as broader issues such as the person's interests + perceptions also need to be considered
The
BSRI
is a
self report questionaire
which include
20 masculine characteristics
,
20 feminine characteristics
and
20 neutral taits
E.g. from
1 - 'never true of me
' to
7 - 'always true of me'
Scores on the
BSRI
will
indicate
whether the participant is classified as
masculine (high masculine/low feminine)
or
feminine (high feminine/low masculine)
Participants respond using a
7 point Likert scale
The scores on the
BSRI
will also
indicate
whether the participant is classified as
androgynous (high feminine/high masculine)
or
undifferentiated (low masculine/low feminine)
Bem suggested high androgyny would result in psychological well-being as these individuals are better equipped to deal with a range of situations
Therefore, it is more adaptive than stereotyped gender identities
Sedeny
found that families with one or more androgynous parent have been found to be highest on scores of parental warmth and support
Psychological androgyny = taking on whichever quality best fitted the situation whether it was masculine or feminine
These androgynous parents are found to be highly encouraging regarding achievement and developing a sense of self-worth in sons + daughters
DEVELOPED USING A PANEL OF JUDGES FROM THE UNITED STATES
This shows that the BSRI is culturally biased as Western nations of 'maleness' and 'femaleness' may not be shared across all cultures + societies
BSRI LACKS TEMPORAL VALIDITY
The BSRI was developed over 40 years ago and behaviours regarded as 'typical' have changed since then
The behaviours used to created the scale are also out-dated
HOFFMAN
- found that only 2 terms on the BSRI were still endorsed as masculine/feminine - these were the adjectives 'masculine' and 'feminie'
This shows the BSRI is no longer relevant + reduces the internal validity of the self-report method