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What are the Effects of Chemicals in Food and Drink on Cellular Functions …
What are the Effects of Chemicals in Food and Drink on Cellular Functions
Cellular Functions:
Metabolism
Respiration
Cell Division & Replication
Structure for the Organism
Protein & Lipid Synthesis
Transportation
Food & Drink
Drink
Water
Alcohol
Dairy
Carbonated Drinks
Fruit & Vegetables (Juices/Smoothies)
Food
Meat & Seafood
Dairy Products
Confectionery (sugar)
Fruit & Vegetables
Fats
Foods/Drinks High In Glucose
Manufactured Foods
Confectionery Sweets
Dried Fruits/Fruit
Honey
Cured Meats
Sweet Beverages
Soft Drinks
Caffeine
Juices
Effect of High Glucose
Too much glucose present in cells can affect lipid (fatty compounds) composition throughout the body which affects the competence of the mitochondria and optimal energy efficiency.
Chemicals in Food & Drink
Drink
Alcohol
Sugars
Caffeine
Food
Antioxidants
Emulsifiers
Salts
Salt is hygroscopic. In the presence of salt, the yeast releases some of its water to the salt by osmosis, then this slows the yeast's fermentation or reproductive activities.
Preservatives
Sugars
Glucose: It is a simple sugar and vital aspect of cellular respiration and is naturally found in several foods. The stomach and small intestines absorb glucose and then release it into the bloodstream. Insulin is a hormone that moves it from the blood to cells where it can immediately be used for energy.
Sucrose:Sucrose is a naturally occurring sugar found in various amounts in plants like fruits, vegetables and nuts. Sucrose is a source of glucose. Sucrose is also known as table sugar
Fructose
Artificial Sweeteners/Colours
Food Acids
Cellular Respiration Inhibitors
Oxygen Deprivation
Reduces the availability of oxygen for cellular respiration, leading to the switch to anaerobic respiration
Carbon Monoxide
Binds to haemoglobin, reducing the amount of oxygen available for cellular respiration
Nitric Oxide
Inhibits mitochondrial respiration by reducing the availability of oxygen
Hydrogen Peroxide
Produces reactive oxygen species that can damage the cellular machinery involved in respiration
Cyanide
Inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a key component of the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration
Caffeine
Inhibits adenosine signalling, stimulates ATP production
Inhibitors General Effect
When cellular respiration is inhibited, waste products such as lactic acid or carbon dioxide can accumulate leading to cellular acidosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. These changes damage cellular components and function which leads to ageing, disease and cellular dysfunction.
Cellular Functions Dependence
ATP
Many Cellular Functions Depend on the Primary Energy Molecule ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) (maintenance, molecule synthesis, growth, transport).
If the respiration of ATP is reduced, there is a decrease in cellular activity resulting in reduced growth, survival or death.
ATP Source
ATP is produced either through aerobic or anaerobic respiration which includes a series of chemical reactions of energy being released and glucose being broken down, within the cytoplasm and mitochondria of cells.
Cellular Respiration
Anaerobic
Anaerobic/Fermentation: Occurs without oxygen present producing 2 ATP.
There are two types:
Alcoholic Fermentation (plants/yeast)(produces ethanol/CO2)
Lactic Acid Fermentation (animals)
Aerobic
Occurs when oxygen is present producing 36-38 ATP, carbon dioxide and water.
Types of Effects
Negative
No Effect
Neutral
Positive
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Speeding Up
Enzyme Activity
Slowing Down