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Sciatica - Coggle Diagram
Sciatica
Common causes
of Back Pain
Strain &/or Sprain
Bulging or Ruptured Disc
Spine osteoarthritis
Sciatica
Spinal Stenosis
Osteoporosis
Radicular pain
Definition
A type of pain that radiates from your back through the spine.
Causes
Herniated disc
Foraminal stenosis
Diabetes
Types
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Symptoms
Sharp pain in the back, arms, legs
Weakness or loss of reflexes
Numbness of the skin
History-taking and clinical examination of the spine.
Special Tests
Schober’s Tes
Straight leg test
Femoral Nerve Stretch test
Alternative treatments to back pain
TENS therapy
involves the use of low-voltage electric currents to treat pain
Biofeedback therapy
a suitable method in the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain
Laser therapy
a treatment that utilizes specific wavelengths of light to interact with tissue and is thought to help accelerate the healing process
Spinal manipulations
a technique where practitioners use their hands or a device to apply a controlled thrust to a joint of your spine.
Motor and sensory distribution of Sciatic Nerve
Clinical picture and diagnosis of back pain & sciatica
Back pain
Presentations
Back pain can range from a muscle aching to a shooting, burning or stabbing sensation
Causes
Spine arthritis
Bulging disc
Skeletal irregularity
Diagnosed by:
X-ray (arthritis or broken bones)
MRI or CT scans
Blood tests
Sciatica
Presentation
Sciatica is pain caused by irritation, inflammation, pinching or compression of the sciatic nerve
Causes
Osteoarthritis (overgrowth of bone)
Diabetes
Trauma injury to spine or nerve
Diagnosis
Spinal x-rays
Nerve conduction velocity studies
MRI or CT scans
Lines of management of back pain and sciatica
Pharmacological management
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
OPIOIDS
MUSCLE RELAXANTS
CORTICOSTEROIDS
Non pharmacological pain management
Acupuncture
Heat or ice
Physical therapy
Back braces
Physiotherapeutic Management
Active therapy
Aerobics
release natural pain relieving endorp
Strength training
To decrease the chances of injury and create proper back alignment
Stretching
relaxes the muscles and relief pain
Passive therapy
●Ultrasound
decrease healing duration
Massage
oothe cramped muscles
Transduction electrical nerve stimulation
can decrease the intensity and number of muscle spasms
Anatomy of the Vertebral Column
The vertebral column
Curvatures
Regions
Thoracic vertebra
Cervical vertebra
Lumbar Vertebra
The Sacrum & Coccyx
Joints
Zygapophyseal Joints (facet joints)
Joints of the vertebral column that are classified as joints of the vertebral arches
Atlanto-axial joints
Between the atlas bone and the axis bone, which are the first and second cervical vertebrae
Atlanto -occipital Joint
These articulations are between C1 (atlas) & the occipital condyles (skull)
Ligaments
Movement of spine
Surgical Indication in low back pain
Patient should be offered an urgent appointment (spine or neurosurgeon) within 24 hours
Fever lasting >48 hours
New “ Saddle anaesthesia
New leg weakness
