Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Lecture 5-8, Lecture 6 / True Classes (system of production), Class-like…
Lecture 5-8
What makes a society a class society?
Can identify distinct groups with diff systems of production
Class awareness- can locate ourselves in class structure
Class identification- our class is a part of our social identity
class affects life chances- parents class effects us
class cultures- class have distinctive cultures (attitudes/lifestyle)
Key point:
aren't just money/education, based on culture & cultural orientations & perceptions
Class based exploitation- class is well-off because it appropriates resources from another class
Class based collective action- action organized around class issues and interests
requires class consciousness: beliefs about class structure and position innit
class as engine of history: conflict between classes is main source of revolutionary change
What are the two broad systems of inequality?
gradational
people located on gradient
no natural occurring groups
class-based systems
distinct groups
exist in relation to each otherr
membership given based on system of production
ownership of "means of production"
What are some possible bases and not bases for social classes?
Possible:
ownership of means of productioin
occupation
type of skill
self employment
type of employment contract
Not bases
education
income/wealth
Lecture 6 / True Classes (system of production)
what did Marx say about class?
He discusses the
ideal type
what are the two groups in Marx theory?
Bourgeoisie- capitalists
own means of production
rely on proletariat for labor
Proletariat- workers
do not own means of production
rely on bourgeoisie for wages to live
What are the 3 defining features of class?
production based
interdependent
relations of exploitation
What did Marx describe of reality under capitalism?
transitional classes
petty bourgeoisie= self employed
Sectors within workng class
skilled artisanns vs unskilled laborers
What was Marx's prediction?
Dyanmics of capiitalism
worker alienation
race to bottom in pay
polarization: main classes become further apart in interests
Dynamics would lead to class conflict leading to class revolution leading to communism
What did Marx fail to predict?
fragmentation of the working class
rise of prof. cllass
fragmentation of capitalistic class
emergence and rise of managers
What did
Erik Olin Wright
say in the
Neo-marxian class model
key concept: exploitation
What are the three criteria for defining exploitation?
a. inverse interdependent welfare principle
material welfare of advantaged group of people deepends on material deprivation of the disadvantaged
capitalistic class cannot exiist withouut group that it deprives of some welfare
b. exclusion principle
workers shut out from accessing key resources
c. the labor appropriation principle
capitalist appropriate some of the value produced by efforts of the workers
non exploitative = a + b
exploitation = a + b + c
What are the three bases of exploitation?
capital- means of production
authority- organizational assets
skills- labor assets
How many classes does Wright describe?
6
What are they?
Owners:
capitalists
petty bourgeoisie
Employees:
expert managers
unskilled managers
experts
workers
What is Wright's Real Utopias project?
taming & bypassing capitalism through public things and universal basic income
What does Weber say about the class system?
What are the three parts of the system of inequality?
Economic class- market position
What are the three componants of the economic lass
position inn two markets
labor market
commodity market
Position in markets based on
material resources
amount and type of skills
indicated by how you make living
What is a unique componant of weber's economic class?
Social closure
process in which a group maximizes its position by restricting access to economic opportunities, rewards, and privileges to few people
status gruoup- lifestyles
shared social honor
common lifestyle
can be based on a variety of demographics
party- polittical affiliation
hidden btw: social class
What is the Weberian social class scheme
Emphasizes occuupation
foundation of econnomiic class- position in market
foundation of status group
distinctive lifestyle and consumption practices/ social ranking or honor
Class-like groups- not based on system of production
What did Lloyd Warner say about class
Upper/lower for Upper Middle and Lower classes
attitudes of other classes based on current position
What does social class not depend and depend on?
Depends on: who you ask
Based on social honor
not defined by position in system of production
What did Wright Mills say about social class?
Power Elites are distinct group- not definied by position in system of production
What do they consist of?
Militarry leaders
political leaders
business leaders
Who are the glue?
corporate laywers, bankers
inner circle
Source of power is institutional positioin
elite expert control over national decisions
What does William Domhoff say about social class?
corporate, social elite intertwined
corporate community as dominant power group
What are the 3 groups described
social upper class- socialites
corporate community
policy planners
What institutioins connect elites?
boards of directors
corporationns
non-profits
political parties
What do boards of directors do?
share ideas
social cohesion
foster political cohesion, shared interests
do power elite have actual power?
PACs spend so much money on candidates
if high income folk favor change they are more likely to get it over low and middle income
Educational Elite
What are types of resources a person can have?
economic qualty: income
human capital: productivity potential, skills learned
social capital: who you know
cultural capital: knowledge, tastes, norms
What does
Gouldner
say about educational elite?
highly educated
Culture of Critical Discourse
decisions/claims justified by evidence than authority
emancipatory: reduces power of capiitalists
also eletists
What is a cultural elite?
group of people with shared cultural norms
claim: membershipi in elite grants privleges and access to hiigh levell positions
What was the making of the cultural elite?
Annette Lareau: unequal childhood
class of parents effects cultural capital of cchilidren
MC parents teach cchildren how to get jobs
What are the ideal parenting types and associated groups they correspond with
Natural growth
unstructured/resignation
found in working class families
Concerted Cultivation
more likely in middle class
structured life/intervention/questioning -> empowerment & entitlement
Shamus Khan: makinng of adolescent elite
Culture of elite:
frame success from merit
old- who you are vs new- what you've done
embodied priivilege
: interact and carry w ease
What does
tony jack
say about privleged poor annd doubly disadvantaged?
exposure to cultural elite inn college less beneficial than if exposed in high school
What are the educational elites?
rise of New Class of intellectual elite
emerged w/ public education
old elites need cultural bourgeoisie and expertise to generate profit
predictors of class vs consequences of class are different
Webber didn't specify number of classes; can be as distinct positions in markets