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What are the effects of chemicals in food and drink on cellular function? …
What are the effects of chemicals in food and drink on cellular function?
artifical sweetner
sucralose
boosts mitochondrial oxidative metabolism
Caco-2 cellscultured in conditions treated with sucrose
oxygen consumption rate measured
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7848014/#:~:text=Sucralose%20exposure%20did%20not%20change,sucralose%20boosts%20mitochondrial%20oxidative%20metabolism.&text=Sucralose%20stimulates%20mitochondrial%20bioenergetics%20in%20Caco%2D2%20cells
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sucralose can alter entercyte energy homeostasis which can contribute to the effects of organismal metabolism. This causes strain on the cell as once the sucralose enters the cells, it responds to stress cause induced cell death.
aspartame
obesity measured over aspartame intake
influence on endocrine system
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227014/
impacts humans (eukaryotes)with factors consisting on obesity, diabetes, fetus, geotoxicity and allergies with the intake of aspartame towards health. Compications can arise with these tests as whilst the tests undergo, organs within human systems could be impacted in other ways causing problems.
acesulfame K
alters the microbiota and induces glucose tolleratnce
uses gas chromatography to see changes in metabollic spectrum
the development of obesity with acesulfame K
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5464538/
The interaction of this substance is known to be associated with obesity as well as chronic inflammation. This poses the question as to whether this artifical sweetner is truly effective as it still targets the gut micrboe in a way that people avoid sugar for.
saccharin
effects the rate of metabolic ractions
file:///C:/Users/srima/Downloads/8724-37767-1-PB%20(2).pdf
the production of carbon dioxide with from saccharin yeast
the saccharin produces less CO2 when mixed with yeast causing a better output compared to glucose.
stimulant
ethanol production
aerobic respiraton
stem plant segments tested to see which could have higher ethanol concetrations
caffeine
caffine concentration
incubation time on cell
measurement of cell counting
file:///C:/Users/srima/Downloads/mayui,+Th+pm+Saccharomyces+final+for+publication.pdf
The incubation time limit is reseanoble, making the experiment more applicable. However counting cells may be a limitation as it needs pricise technology to accurately count all of the cells
fats
unsaturated fats
yeast used to support cell growth
factor counting the cells per fmol
affecting respiration of mitochondria
https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(19)40701-1/pdf
A difficult extraction process is required inorder to extract the lipids from the yeast cells, these lipids need to perform thin layer chromatography as well as the previous steps before hand including carefuly curating procedures of growing the yeast. This concludes to a limiting factor as the steps and procedures needed to undergo this experiment is high.
transfats
effects red blood cells
using gas chromatography
different age groups tested with eating habits
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/hc0602.103583
Continous intake of transfats can lead to cardiac arrest causing majour health complications for test subjects for the long term. This deems the experiment not safe causing huge ethical considerations(SHE)
polyunsaturated fats
ATP production
factor tested over time
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3955408/
impacts the structure of lipid bilayers including mitochnondrial membrane
the study raises ethical concers over the testing of mice and whether keeping them on high polyunsaturated fats is ethical towards using it for scientific use. The experiment occurs within the long term so do the contiuous effects graduate into other long-term health complications for the mice.
preservatives
vinegar
effects the rate of photsynthesis and oxygen production in plants
vinergar tested against water to see which leaf disk rises the most
measured over time
https://terra-docs.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/IJHSR/Articles/volume2-issue4/2020_V2I4_p6_Haas.pdf
Vinegar is most suitable for photosynthesis as it could lead to an overall decrease of carbon dioxide in the world. It can also help the overall conditions of water causing organisms to progress into healthier habitats (SHE)
spices
effect of spices on fermentation process
influences growth characteristics of meat products
measured growth rate
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC492326/
limitations: multiple different spices needed to be tested causing lots of componenets that need to be measured and disccused to get the overall effect of fermentation process as comparisions are needed to be made.
potassium
the rate of oxygen uptake is measured
test subject: rats brains (eukaryotes)
tissue and brain interaction to potassium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1202459/pdf/biochemj00784-0135.pdf
The brain cells needed for the experiment need to be immediatly transferred to an incubatorn with the transferring process within a cold room of 2-3 degrees celcius or it could damage the brain tissue test if exposed to the wrong conditions.
calcium
maintaining energy homeostasis in working hearts
mitochondrial oxygen consumption
increase flunctuation of heart rate at different concentrations
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3162442/
limitation: Time restraints and human effects if the test is continued onto a long period of time. Can leads humans to cardiac arrest and other health factors if test performed for too long. This test can also be innaccurate data wise as humans cant continuously maintain energy as there will be inconsistencies