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What are the effects of chemicals in food and drink on cellular function?,…

- - - - Ethanol disrupts the physical structure of cell membranes. The most fluid membranes, including those that are low in cholesterol, are the most easily disordered by ethanol.
  - - - Propionic, sorbic and benzoic acids
    - - dominated by carbohydrates (primarily lactose, glucose, and galactose), inorganic ions (potassium and calcium), organic acids (citrate)
    - - naturally-occurring chemicals, such as rutin and glycine
        
        artificial chemicals like ethephon chloroethyl phosphonic acid and calcium carbide
    - - Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
    - - carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, and in some cases contain phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur and other elements
  - - - Supplementation with carotenoids can affect cell growth and modulate gene expression and immune responses.
  - - - Taurine interacts with ion channels, stabilizes membranes, and regulates the cell volume. These actions confirm its high concentrations in excitable tissues like retina, neurons, and muscles.
  - - - Cola at lower concentrations of 0.5% showed higher cell proliferation and lower cellular adhesion. (Tawil B, 2018)