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Basic Information Technology in Labor Risks - Coggle Diagram
Basic Information Technology in Labor Risks
Information Management
Service Stations
These are special desktop computing units designed for busy people, who may not want to type. They have special function keys and can accept input from mice or touch screens. They are capable of performing word or data processing, managing databases, producing graphics and supporting many other activities.
There are different types of service stations:
Visual display station: a device capable of displaying keyed inputs and processor outputs on a screen
outputs of the processor on a screen
Point-of-sale station: input/output device capable of immediately updating sales and inventory records to a central processor and producing a printed sales transaction receipt.
Dumb station: simple devices that immediately transmit to the processor any character that is typed. When a finger error occurs, the operator may have to backtrack to the error and retype after all subsequent characters.
subsequent characters.
Information Analysis
**Information Analysis
The information needed by a given manager includes everything that the manager requires for:
:check: Set, evaluate and adjust objectives.
:check:Develop plans and standards and take action.
:
:check: Estimate actual performance and proceed appropriately when performance deviates from the norm.
deviates from the norm.
:check: Estimate actual performance and proceed appropriately when performance deviates from the standard. deviates from the norm.
:check: Evaluate achievement.
Required Information Properties
As a general rule, the more the information serves to reduce the element of uncertainty in the decisions made by managers at all levels, the greater its value.
The more information serves to reduce the element of uncertainty in the decisions made by managers at all levels, the greater its value will be.
But, like other basic resources available to managers, information is usually not free. It is almost always necessary to compare the cost of acquiring information with the benefits to be gained from its use.
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Accurate information:
is the ratio of correct information to the total amount of information produced in a period.
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timely information
: is another important characteristic of information. It is little comfort to a manager to know that the information was accurate if it arrived too late to be of any use. Accuracy alone is not enough.
:Explode:
Complete information:
most managers who have to make decisions have been frustrated at one time or another when they have been
frustrated on occasion by receiving supporting information that is accurate, timely...and incomplete.
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Concise information:
many of the traditional information systems have been designed under the assumption that incomplete
under the assumption that incomplete data is the most critical problem facing managers.
Distribution of Information
Although the form (or format) of input data required varies across districts and programs, the most common
programs, it is most common to organize the data into interrelated groups to ensure effective processing and useful output.
effective processing and useful output.
Use of a Data Communication Packet
.
These are programs that allow the user to send and receive over communication lines.
The transfer of data may be between two points or may require communication with an entire network of computers and workstations.
Interactive processing
is performed immediately after data is entered into a computer system and processing results are produced quic
Batch processing:
Data is collected over a period of time and grouped (batched) before being fed into the computer system and processed.
data is collected over a period of time and grouped (batched) before being fed into the computer system and processed.
Techniques and Strategies
.
These are some of the techniques and strategies used in the development of an information system:
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Organizational standards
: Some organizations have standards manuals that specify a consistent design strategy.
specify a consistent design strategy.
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Special diagrams and forms
: These are used to correct weaknesses that were detected during the analysis.
during the analysis.
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Top-down design methodology:
requires identifying from the outset the higher-level functions of the proposed system.
higher level functions of the proposed system.
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Design reviews and testing:
Periodic sessions can be held to allow interested users to review the design process..