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Dislike of King's claim to be able to dispense with the law
Catholic sympathies of King and heir were apparent
Genuinely opposed persecutions - association with Latitudinarians demonstrates this
But still accepted the Test Act
Marriage between William of Orange and Mary, Duke of York (James) was permitted to marry the catholic Mary of Modena in 1673
James' impending succession
Pamphlet issued by Shaftesbury in 1675 - A letter from a person of quality to his friends in the country - argued anglican bishops were promoting persecution of Protestants under guise of protecting the church
Whig and Tory views beginning to form - Whig associated with Protestant, Tory sometimes tinted with Catholicism.
Charles was an asute politican - aided by French subisides could dissolved parliament at will
English conntrol of ireland and scotland - strengthend by restoration let him focus on england
Memories of upheaval and Protestant extremism made him view Whigs as possible rebels and regiciders - belief that only the Crown could guarantee stability.
To assassinate Charles
For remainder of his life h focused on public fears of dissent rather than catholicism
Questionable - he was clearly catholic
Close friendship with Quaker William Penn
Actions of Louis XIV withdrawing toleration from Protestant Huguenots in 1685 sending refugees to England raised doubts that contributed to James' failure.
Instructions to bishops forbidding anti-catholic sermons
Court of Ecclesiastical Commission to oversee enforcement (remiscent of Preogative Courts)
Bishop compton refused to suspend a cleric for preaching a sermon - was suspended
James set up licensing office to sell permits to dissenters - exempting them from Clarendon code
Legal decision of Godden vHales case confirmed King's rights to exempt individuals from the Test and Corporation Acts.
James used Gooden V Hales to force Magdalen College, Oxford to accept a catholic president - despite the opposition of the fellows.
1621 - pushed by House of Commons
Fought to resist the expansion of Catholic power - belief that Catholics in power would aspire to the eventual destruction of Protesantism
Led by Luther and Calvin - regarded as evil
Led to a minority stopping attending parish church and embarking in private worship.
Mary Queen of Scots - Led to a wide spread feeling of Catholicism
Massacre of Protestants - in the low country and France
Spanish attempt to invade England 1588
The Gunpowder Plot - 1605
Hapsburg Assault on Protestants in Central Europe - culminated in the outbreak of war in 1618
Policies reforming the church on Arminian Lines
Marriage to Henrietta Maria of France - allowed to bring her catholic clergy to France.
Catholic painter Rubens decorated the ceilings and murals at the new Banqueting House at Whitehall
By the mid-1930s High profile members of the Privy Council - Windebank and Cottington had catholic wives.
Royal children worshipped in queen's catholic chapel
Puritans were harassed - Catholics left largely undisturbed
Group of Catholic courtiers were making large profits from a lucrative soap monopoly
The oath reissued in 1656 with stricter terms
Act of Parliament that accompanied it calling for the closing of Catholic chapels in foreign embassies - fine of £100 for any caught worshiping in them
Catholics had their estates confiscated after the Civil war - some left with no option but to conform.
Met to plead for restraint - Cromwell gave impression he would resist further calls to limit catholics - but in April 1655 a proclamation demanding that laws against Catholic influence in priesthood to be adhered to
England - led to catholics gaining safety - measure of religious freedom
Scotland - primarily concerned to restrict the power of Kirk and suppress rebelious dissenters
Ireland governed by governor and Church of Ireland restored - persecution of Catholics and dissenters with variable consistency.