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adopted by John Smyth who re-baptised his congregation as a symbol of their free choice
later established general baptist movement which rejected infant baptism and predestination
5 examples of these churches in 1620 - total membership under 150
Whig Impact - widespread opposition to Catechism suggesting it contributed to conflict with King and Parliament
Revisionist - believed ordinary members of the church generally welcomed reform.
Breakdown of normal restraints allowed active radicalism
Number of radical ministers could take on parish responsibilites or preach as lecturers in towns sympathetic to parliament.
Established separate bible debate groups gradually building up a separate identity.
Freedom of the press
NMA movement
Most dangerous sects disappeared but quakers still posed a threat (had become refuge for ealrier radicals such as the Liburne (leveller) and Winstanley (Digger)
Independents freedom and Baptist allowed them to become organised an destabilised and specific Confessions of Faith to apply to all their members - helped movements survive.
Presbytarians gained from the opportunity to work in teh church
Nayler case demonstrates continued fear.
Hall, Baxter and others were disturbed by these sects than the nation - wanted a return to authority e.g. two presbyterian leaders who liased between Fairfax and Monck to arrange seizure of York and 1200 deserters who left Lambert's army regiment backed Fairfax
Charles 11→met by two presbyterians in Breda, when Charles arrived in England another Presbyterian minister wrote of his excitement - Oliver Heywood of Coley
Claredon code
Scale and numbers effected
Biterness and desire for revenge with which it was enforced
Directed at those who wanted to remain in the Church
The Corporation Act→1661 made it impossible for non-conformists to hold municipal offices
Act of Uniformity→1662 excluded them from church office
Conventicle Act→1664 widen targets to include the laity who attend meetings and isolate ministers
Five Mile Act→1665 sought to drive non-conformists away from friends and allies
Shaw employed in Hull as preacher at Holy Trinity Church and master of a nearby almshouse
Shaw→Shaw ordered dismissal as a result, Shaw appealed to King and was given permission to remain but much of the congregation had folllowed him to almshouse - result was a campaign by June 1662 Shaw had been banned from entering Hull
Other Examples→John Hodgson
Refused to meet in secret because of their methods of worship - led to the Quaker act of 1663 - imprisoned without charge including John Bunyan
of the 1800 ministers who left around 1000 were ejected in the summer of 1662
Example Joseph Wilson - ejected in 1660 from Hessle and Hull but appointed elsewhere until the Act of Uniformity which forced him out, but he stayed as his congregation supported him until the Five Mile Act
Each meeting was self-sufficent in terms of daily worship and local support - did not require orders
Poor relief was given to members separately in each congregation
Movement was linked y travelling preachers - annual meeting held in Skipton
John Tillotson - became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1691 - thoughout 'long and deeply' before conforming in 1664
Also seen in the wealthy classes, alderen and JPs who shared views of dissenters - helped individuals
Hull - Presbyterian and Congregationalist groups worshipped undisturbed and Quaker meetings were subject to only intermittent problems
Danby's census of dissenting groups in encourage renewed persecution failed
Cemented alliance between dissenters and powerful whig allies
Devon - County Committee reported that dissenting groups had ceased to meet
West Yorkshire - meeting at night
Bristol - effort of mayor to alleviate impact le dto suspension
Quakers - move to the remotest areas.
Speed in which dissenters re-emerged shows failure of early persecution
Dissenting chapels were stronger and better oragnised
e.g Earl of Plymouth ordered his local courts to enforce laws against dissenters and one alderman threatened to resign