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General Arthrology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Very strong and tough,, this alone can handle the two articulation, anything else strengthens it
        
        Two layers of joint capsule, outer layer- fibrous layer, inner layer= synovial layer. The inner layer has the epithelium that secretes and absorbs the fluid. Motion= more fluid, stationary= less fluid
        
        Outer layer can be furthered modified to ligament
    - - Viscous fluid to further reduce friction
    - - Gap between articular surface
    - - Distal and proximal ends of bone have this, covered by thin layer of hyaline cartilage. Need cartilage because it is smoother than bone, allows for reduce friction
  - - - Seen inside joint
    - - V shaped fibrocartilage, present when articulating surfaces are not congruent (both surfaces are convex). Used for stability.
      - STIFLE JOINT
    - - Can be seen around joint capsule
  - - - Simple
        
        2 bones involved
        
        Scapula and humerus
      - Compound joint/ composite joint
        
        More than 2 bones involved
    - - Pivot joint/ trochoid joint
        
        LONGITUDINAL AXIS MOVEMENT
        
        Atlanto-axial joint, THE 'NO' JOINT
      - Condylar Joint
        
        MONOAXIAL MOVEMENT
        
        Articular surfaces include condyles that fits into reciprocal depressions of adjacent bone
        
        Stifle joint/ elbow joint
      - Ellipsoidal Joint
        
        Similar to ball and socket joint
        
        Convex and concave articulation surfaces widened to form eclipse shape
        
        LIMITED MULTIAXIAL MOVEMENT W/OUT ROTATION
        
        Atlanto-occipital joint, skull and first cervical vertebrae
      - Hinge joint
        
        MONOAXIAL MOVEMENT
        
        Hinge like articular surfaces, FLEXION AND EXTENSION
        
        Metacarpophalangeal Joint
      - Spheroidal/ Ball and Socket
        
        Convex head fits into cotyloid head
        
        MULTIAXIAL MOVEMENT
        
        Shoulder and hip joint
      - Saddle Joint
        
        BIAXIAL MOVEMENT
        
        Convex in one direction, concave in the other, FLEXION AND EXTENSION
        
        Proximal interphalangeal joint
      - Plane Joint
        
        Flat surfaces, sliding and gliding movements
        
        Joints of vertebral processes
- - - - Alternate processes and depressions on articulcat edges
      - e.g. Between parietal and frontal bone.
    - - Simple apposition of comparatively smooth surfaces
        or edges, can meet at right angles
      - Between the Nasal bones
    - - Overlapping of reciprocally beveled edges
      - e. g. between the Parietal and Temporal bone
      - Can start with slight movement, but it will go away and fuse