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Present Perfect (Never & Ever) and Past Simple. - Coggle Diagram
Present Perfect (Never & Ever) and Past Simple.
Present Perfect
The present perfect is formed from the present tense of the verb have and the past participle of a verb
How the Present Perfect is constructed
[SUBJECT] + have/has + [VERB PARTICIPLE]
Constructions with Ever / Never
Ever + Present perfect
The adverbs «ever» and «never» refer to a time that is not specific, prior to the present (Have you ever visited Berlin?).
"Ever" and "never" are always placed before the main verb (in the "past participle"). "Ever" is used:
In questions:
Have you ever been to Italy?
Has she ever met Adele?
In negative sentences with “nothing + ever” or “nobody + ever”:
Nobody has ever tried to understand me.
Nothing like this has ever happened to me.
In negative questions:
Haven't they ever been to Italy?
Haven't you ever eaten Chinese food?
With "the first time":
It's the first time that I've ever been to Italy.
This is the first time I've ever visited her.
Never + Present perfect
In the case of "Never" it means never before now and is equivalent to "not (...) ever": (I have never visited Berlin). Remember! You should not use "never" when the sentence is negative, that is, using "not"
example with Never
I never wonder why we’re here.
She has never let me down
I have never been abroad.
I have never drunk Coca-Cola.
I’ve never been to New York. Have you?
use of the present perfect
-When the action started in the past and continues in the present.
-When the time in which the action is performed has not ended.
-When the action is repeated constantly or periodically in time
-The recently concluded action
-The moment in which the action was performed is not relevant.
Simple Past
In Past Simple -Past Simple never can also be used, but as in ever, it expresses the impossibility of performing the action.
-I never met Nick’s grandfather. It’s a pity
-I never visited you in your old house. I never had time
-I never saw such a big fish before
-I’ll never go back to that cafe. The service is terrible
-I’m never going to understand algebra. I hate math
Did you ever visit me in my old house?
Did you ever meet Pedro’s grandfather?
Have you ever been lonely?
Have you ever been to Paris?
Do you ever talk to Maria?
Functions of the "simple past"
The "simple past" is used to talk about an action that ended in a time before the current one. The duration is not relevant. The time in which the action takes place can be the recent past or the distant past.
examples
John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
My father died last year.
I lived in Fiji in 1976.
We crossed the Channel yesterday.
Uses of the past simple
The past simple is used to express:
Actions or states that started and ended in the past. These actions or states do not extend or have implications in the present
Actions that follow a chronological order in the past. For example: I woke up and I stayed in bed for an hour. Then, I got up and I had a shower.
Habitual actions or states in the past. These actions were not punctual but were repeated or habitual.
