Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

TIPS, present perfect vs simple past - Coggle Diagram

- - - - state facts/give an opinion
      - for arguments, details and descriptions
    - - present continuous
      - present simple
      - present perfect
  - - - to tell a story (an event in the past)
    - - simple past
- - - - will (future or volition)
      - shall (too formal)
      - can
      - may
    - - would
      - should
      - could
      - might
      - must
    - - ought (to)
      - be able
      - need (to)
      - have (to)
  - - - I can/must take care of myself. :check:
      - I need/want to take care of myself.
    - - She can/must take care of herself. :check:
      - She needs/wants to take care of herself.
    - - She cannot/must not take care of herself. :check:
      - She need not to take of herself. :check:
      - She does not want to care of herself.
    - - :check: Must/Can she take care of herself?
      - Need she take of herself? Does she need to...? :recycle:
      - Does she want to take of herself?
    - - :red_cross: She will can/must take care of herself.
      - :check: She will need/want to take care of herself.
    - - :check: She could take care of herself.
      - (:warning: adaptation) She must have taken care of herself.
      - :check: She needed/wanted to take care of herself.
  - - - possibility/probability
        
        We can go to there because both us have a week off.
        
        I know it is far but they could come by car.
        
        She may have been held up in traffic.
        
        They should be here by now.
        
        You might be right.
        
        I feel sick, it must have been the fish.
      - permission/prohibition
        
        prohibition
        
        You can't smoke on the bus.
        
        You really shouldn't do that, you know.
        
        You mustn't tell a soul.
        
        permission
        
        The guard said that you can get on the train now.
        
        Dictionaries may not be used in the examination.
        
        I'm sorry you can't eat in here.
        
        You may sit there if you wish.
        
        Might I have a look?
      - ability
        
        I can take care of myself.
        
        She could speak three languages.
      - a request
        
        Can I open the windows? It is hot in here.
      - obligation/duty
        
        You should take a black ink pen to the exam.
        
        I must apologise for not informing you that I'd be late.
        
        You should write an apology.
    - - extrinsic
        
        possibility/probability/likelihood
        
        tip (reading part): is it extrinsic meaning or not?
      - intrinsic
        
        the rest (human control over the event)
        
        permission/willingness/necessity...
- - - - ideas and details :arrow_right: present tenses
    - - explaining strategies - opinions and arguments :arrow_right: present tenses
    - - opinions and arguments :arrow_right: present tenses
      - examples to prove arguments :arrow_right: simple past
    - - giving factual information :arrow_right: present tenses
  - - - conjunctions/adverbs
        
        adverbs at the end of a sentence
        
        in the middle of sentence
        
        instead make the sentence short and simple to read (put them at the start of the sentence) :warning:
      - use of latin/french
      - repetition of vocabulary
      - simple verb
        
        in order to improve the richness of the text
        
        instead, find alternatives vocabs (verb + characteristic collocations)
        
        have/take/do/make/be/give/put (too formal)
      - In conclusion, First and foremost, Last but not least, In a nutshell, Firstly, Lastly (too intermediate)
- - - - France is a popular country. :arrow_right: Many people have travelled to France.
      - Those who try are courageous ones. :arrow_right: Only a few have tried the arduous task.
      - UN aid workers are in different african countries. :arrow_right: The UN has sent aid workers all over the african continent.
      - when writing, prefer the present perfect over the present simple!