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chronic kidney disease, References, : - Coggle Diagram
chronic kidney disease
Parthenogenesis
a gradual loss of kidney function
Stage 1: Kidney damage with normal or increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Stage 2: Mild reduction in GFR
Stage 3a: Moderate reduction in GFR
Stage 3b: Moderate reduction in GFR
Stage 4: Severe reduction in GFR
Stage 5: Kidney failure
kidneys filter wastes and excess fluids from your blood, which are then removed in your urine
Chronic kidney disease can cause dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes and wastes to build up in your body
occurs when a disease or condition impairs kidney function, causing kidney damage to worsen over several months or years
Type 1 or type 2 diabetes
High blood pressure
an inflammation of the kidney's filtering units leading to glomerulonephritis
an inflammation of the kidney's tubules and surrounding structures leading to Interstitial nephritis
Polycystic kidney disease or other inherited kidney diseases
Prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract, from conditions such as enlarged prostate, kidney stones and some cancers
a condition that causes urine to back up into your kidneys called Vesicoureteral
Recurrent kidney infection called pyelonephritis
renal tissue might be exposed to a significant quantity of any potentially harmful circulating agents or substances
decrease in preglomerular or glomerular perfusion leads to decrease in peritubular blood flow, which, depending on the degree of hypoxia, entails tubulointerstitial injury and tissue remodeling
Damage to one will in part affect the other through different mechanisms
Incidence/Prevalence
1 in 7, that is 15% of US adults or 37 million people
CKD is a major risk factor for increased cardiovascular disease and death.
In the United States, there are another 20 million at an increased risk for CKD
More prevalent in the elderly population
30% of patients over 65 years of age with CKD have stable disease.
Risk factor
heart disease, obesity, a family history of CKD, inherited kidney disorders, past damage to the kidneys, elevated blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and older age
Diagnosis
family hx, medications that effect kidney function
Blood tests
Kidney function tests look for the level of waste products, such as creatinine and urea, in your blood.
Urine tests
Analyzing a sample of your urine can reveal abnormalities that point to chronic kidney failure and help identify the cause of chronic kidney disease.
Imaging tests
use ultrasound to assess your kidneys' structure and size
Removing a sample of kidney tissue for testing
Clinical manifestations
Nausea, Vomiting, Loss of appetite, Fatigue and weakness, Sleep problems, Urinating more or less, Decreased mental sharpness, Muscle cramps, Swelling of feet and ankles, Dry, itchy skin, High blood pressure, Shortness of breath, Chest pain
You might not realize that you have kidney disease until the condition is advanced
Treatment
treat the cause as well as the underlying conditon
medications for high blood pressure, relieve swelling, treat anemia, lower cholesterol levels, to protect your bones, A lower protein diet to minimize waste products in your blood
focuses on slowing the progression of kidney damage, usually by controlling the cause
Avoid products with added salt.
Choose lower potassium foods
Limit the amount of protein you eat
References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4975264/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354527
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