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CRIMINAL LAW, Intent moves from no intent required to purposeful actions,…

- - - - follows M'Naghten rule. mental illness preclude knowing right from wrong or understanding the nature and quality of the act.
    - - voluntary
      - involuntary
  - - - Requires an unlawful killing and "malice aforethought" Four types of Malice (ALWAYS ANALYZE ALL OF THEM)
        
        Intent to Kill
        
        Intent to inflict serious bodily injury
        
        Gross recklessness (depraved hear)
        
        Felony murder: Killing during course of felony, intent not required. would stand if the killing was done by anyone
    - - Voluntary
        
        an intentional killing in the heat of passion
        
        heat of passion requires a sudden intense reaction with adequate provocation and no cooling off. period words alone are not sufficient.
      - involuntary
        
        an unlawful killing w/ negligence or recklessness or a killing during the course of a misdemeanor or a felony not included in felony murder
  - - - refers to the level of intent required for specific crimes. Must occur simultaneously with the actus rea.
        
        Strict Liability: no mens rea required (statutory rape, public health, and safety regulations
        
        General Intent: criminal negligence (rape, battery, kinapping)
        
        Malice: Gross negligence (murder, arson)
        
        Specific Intent: purpose (first degree murder, assault, inchoate crimes, property-related crimes
    - - a physical or external component and either a voluntary act or the omission to act that violates a legal duty. Just like torts there is generally no legal duty to act or aid. A duty may arise from a statute, a contract, the relationship between the parties, the assumption of care, or the creation of peril
  - - - Principal in the First Degree: present at the scene and commits one element of the crime
      - Principal In the Second Degree: Present at the scene, assist but does not commit any element of the crime
      - Accessory Before the Fact: not at the scene, provided Assistance beforehand.
      - Accessory After the Fact: not at scene, provided assistance after the crime was completed
  - - - Asking or encouraging someone to commit a crime with the intent to commit that crime. Merges into the completed offense. The fact or assertion that the crime was impossible to commit is not a defense
    - - Requires an agreement to commit the unlawful act and the specific intent to achieve the object of the agreement. An overt act in furtherance of the conspiracy is required. can be a minor act. conspirators are liable for the conspiracy for the completed target crime for any foreseeable crimes by co-conspirators in furtherance of the conspiracy
    - - requires an act with a dangerous propensity toward completion of the crime law. Requires specific intent to commit a crime. attempt merges into the completed target offense.
- - - - refers to the level of intent required for specific crimes. Must occur simultaneously with the actus rea.
        
        Negligently: gross deviation from norm in failing to perceive substantial and unjustifiable risk
        
        Recklessly: gross deviation from norm in consciously disregarding substantial and unjustifiable risk
        
        Knowingly: awareness
        
        Purposely: Conscious object
    - - a physical or external component and either a voluntary act or the omission to act that violates a legal duty. Just like torts there is generally no legal duty to act or aid. A duty may arise from a statute, a contract, the relationship between the parties, the assumption of care, or the creation of peril
  - - - Principal in the First Degree: present at the scene and commits one element of the crime
      - Principal In the Second Degree: Present at the scene, assist but does not commit any element of the crime
      - Accessory Before the Fact: not at the scene, provided Assistance beforehand.
      - Accessory After the Fact: not at scene, provided assistance after the crime was completed
  - - - Asking or encouraging someone to commit a crime with the intent to commit that crime. Merges into the completed offense. The fact or assertion that the crime was impossible to commit is not a defense
    - - Requires an agreement to commit the unlawful act and the specific intent to achieve the object of the agreement. An overt act in furtherance of the conspiracy is required. can be a minor act. conspirators are liable for the conspiracy for the completed target crime for any foreseeable crimes by co-conspirators in furtherance of the conspiracy
    - - requires a substantial step beyond mere preparation towards completion of the crime. Requires specific intent to commit a crime. attempt merges into the completed target offense.
  - - - Requires an unlawful killing and "malice aforethought" Four types of Malice (ALWAYS ANALYZE ALL OF THEM)
        
        Intent to Kill
        
        Intent to inflict serious bodily injury
        
        Gross recklessness (depraved hear)
        
        Felony murder: Killing during course of felony, intent not required. the killing must be done by the defendant or co-defendant
      - classifies murder in degrees. First degree includes specific intent homicide, premeditated murder. First degree felony murder occurs when the felony is enumerated by statute but typically includes rape burglary robbery arson
    - - Voluntary
        
        an intentional killing in the heat of passion
        
        heat of passion requires a sudden intense reaction with adequate provocation and no cooling off. period words alone are not sufficient.
      - involuntary
        
        an unlawful killing w/ negligence or recklessness or a killing during the course of a misdemeanor or a felony not included in felony murder