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Trompenaars’s Cultural Dimensions - Coggle Diagram
Trompenaars’s Cultural Dimensions
Universalism/
Particularism
Universalism
ideas/practices can be
applied without modification
formal rules, close adhere
to business contracts
Particularism
how ideas/practices
should be applied
modify contracts,
suit the parties
Individualism/
Communitarianism
Individualism
people regard themselves
as
individuals
personal and individual matters
personal responsibility
personal freedom
and achievement
Communitarianism
people regard themselves
as
part of a group
value group-related issues –
committee decisions
joint responsibility
Neutral/ Emotional
Neutral
emotions are not shown
act stoically and
maintain composure
control emotions
reason influences actions
don't reveal thinking and feeling
Emotional
emotions are expressed openly and naturally
express emotions
welcome and accepted
to show emotion
Specific/ Diffuse
Specific
private space guarded
people are open and
extroverted
a separation
of work and private life
Diffuse
public space guarded
people are indirect
and introverted
work and private life are
closely linked
Achievement/
Ascription
Achievement
how well they
perform functions
what you do
your worth
Ascription
who or what a
person is
who you are
power, title, and position
Time
Sequential
events happen
in order
one activity at a time
appointments
kept strictly, follow plans as
laid out
Synchronous
who or what a
person is
multi-task
appointments are approximate
schedules subordinate to
relationships
Present vs.
Future
time period
future more important
present more important
all 3 time periods equally important
Environment
Inner-directed
controlling environmental
outcomes
control nature
work with teams
and within organizations
Outer-directed
allowing things to take
their natural course
controls people
achieve goals
avoid conflict