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What are the effects of chemicals in food and drink on cellular function -…
What are the effects of chemicals in food and drink on cellular function
Common chemicals in drinks and foods
Caffeine
Found predominantly in chocolate and coffee
Inhibits the signaling of the chemical adenosine, which is responsible for bringing heart rate back to normal, meaning that elevated heart rates and high levels of respiration are maintained
Simulates ATP production
Cyanide
Found in legumes such as lima beans and also in almonds
Inhibits cytochrome oxide which is needed in the electron transport chain for aerobic respiration
Halts cellular respiration by reducing availability of oxygen
Oxygen
Found in alcohol, fruits etc.
Oxygen is necessary for aerobic respiration
Hydrogen peroxide
Found
minimially
in some vegetables such as onions and broccoli
Hydrogen peroxide can create other oxygen species which can damage cellular parts involved in aerobic respiration
Nitric oxide
Found in dark and leafy vegetables like spinach and kale
Inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which reduces the oxygen available to participate in aerobic respiration
Glucose
Found in bread, fruit and potatoes
Glucose is required for cellular respiration as it helps create energy (ATP)
Types of cellular functions
Aerobic respiration
Chemicals process where oxygen is used to make energy via sugars (glucose)
Factors which effect aerobic respiration
Temperature
34 - 35C
Glucose levels
Oxygen levels
pH
Optimum between 2 and 4
Glycolysis (in the cytosol)
Krebs Cycle (in mitochondria)
Electron transport chain (in mitochondria)
Anaerobic respiration
Process of cells breaking down sugars without oxygen presence to form less energy and lactic acid or ethanol
Factors which effect anaerobic respiration
Temperature
34 - 35C
pH
Optimum between 4 and 6
Some plants and yeast
Some bacteria and animal
Photosynthesis
Process by which plants use sunlight, water and CO2 to make energy and oxygen
Factors which effect photosynthesis
Amount of sunlight
Amount of Water
Amount of CO2
How to measure effects
Plant
Growth
Diameter
Measurement: mm
Height
Leaf width
Carbon dioxide concentration
CO2 probe
ppm
Oxygen concentration
O2 probe
ppm
Water concentration
mm