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GENDER BIAS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Taylor et al: claimed that women experience 'tend and befriend' due to increased oxytocin (love hormone) when responding to a stressful situation. - therefore gender differences were minimised in original F&F
- - - - Mccoby and Jacklin: research that found that girls have superior verbal abilities whereas boys have better spatial abilities. Suggesting that the differences were hardwired into the brain before birth.
        
        Joel et al: brain imaging research that found no sex difference in brain structure or processing. Therefore the first findings may be biased as brain imaging evidence contradicts this
      - Ingalhalikar: suggests that the popular social stereotype that women are better at multitasking may be biologically true. - found that women's brains benefit from better connections between the right and left hemispheres than in a man's brain. - suggests that there may be a biological difference but we should still be cautious of exaggerating the effect they may have on behaviour
    - - Murphy et al: claims that women remain underrepresented in university departments despite being the majority of undergraduate intake and lectures in psychology are more likely to be men. This means that research is more likely to be conducted by men and this may disadvantage participants who are women.
      - Nicholson: who found that stereotypes such as male researchers may expect women to be more irrational and unable to complete complex tasks, creating expectations that women are likely to underperform in research tasks. This means institutional structures and methods of psychology may produce findings that are gender-biased
    - - Formanowicz et al: analysed over 1,000 articles relating to gender bias, published over 8 years. - found that research on gender baus is funded less often and is published by less prestigious journals.
    - - Tavris, (1993) explains how men set the standard of normalcy and ‘it becomes normal for women to feel abnormal.’ - therefore gender bias in research is not just a methodological problem but may have damaging implications and consequences that affect the lives and prospects of women.
  - - - used by many modern researchers who are beginning to recognise the effect that their own values and assumptions have on the nature of their work as a means to prevent potential harm to individuals caused as a result of the findings.
        
        Dambrin and Lambert: conducted a study on the lack of women in executive positions in accounting firms, which included a reflection on how their gender-related experiences influenced their reading of events.