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TOKEN ECOMONY - Coggle Diagram
TOKEN ECOMONY
STUDIES ARE CONDUCTED IN PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS- DIFFICULT TO GENERALISE THE RESULTS TO OTHER AREAS OF LIFE/OTHER INSTITUTIONS
- If we were to conduct these experiments in a home or residential environment we may not get the same results
- Cromer takes this further by highlighting that many studies tend to be uncontrolled + token economies are brought into a psychiatric ward often with no control group
- This means that any improvement e.g. increases in staff attention rather than the use of tokens as rewards
- This questions the validity of the evidence that supports the use of token economies in the treatment of Sz
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ETHICAL ISSUES
- Treats patients as lab rats
- Clinician may exercise control over important reinforces such as food/access to activities
- It is generally accepted we should have all access to basic rights e.g. food + access to these should not be violated regardless of the positive consequences achieved
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Coloured disks
- Token economy uses coloured disks
- Awarding of tokens - takes place when patients with Sz show desirable behaviour e.g. brushing hair/dressing themselves
- This acts as a form of reinforcement + immediacy of the reward is important so it is associated with the desirable action