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Types of Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction - Coggle Diagram
Types of Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction
Cushing Syndrome
Tumors of the adrenal gland that stimulate excess cortisol production
Long-term admin of cortico-steriods such as prednisone
Manifestations
Skin ulcerations and poor wound healing
Behavioral changes
thin and atrophic skin
Excessive body and facial hair
Weakness/muscle wasting
Striae
Obesity in trunk, face, and upper back
Tumors of pituitary gland that stimulates excess ACTH production
Prolonged exposure to elevated levels of either endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids
Treatment
Surgery or radiation to remove tumors
Ectopic production of ACTH or CRH from the tumor at a distant site
Hyperthyroidism
Manifestations
Restlessness
Sweating
Agitation
Heat intolerance
Weight loss
Fine hair
Oily skin
Irregular menstral cycle
Weakness
Goiter
Graves disease (most common cause)
Treatment
Reducing thyroid hormone levels
medications that block thyroid hormone production
Surgical remove of thyroid gland
Gland destruction
Excessive thyroid hormone
Diseases of the thyroid
Excessice production of TSH by pituitary adenoma
Excessive stimulation of the thyroid gland
Medications or foods high iodine
Diabetes Insipidus
Insuffsient ADH levels
inadequate kidney response to ADH (nephrogenic DI)
Ingestion of large volumes of fluids and decreasing ADH
Insufficient production of ADH by the hypothalamus or ineffective secretion by the posterior pituitary
Manifestation
Excessive thirst
Urine highly diluted with low specific gravity
Polyuria
Loss of fluids leads to serum hyperosmolality and severe dehydration
Shock or death if left untreated
Hx usually includes recent surgery or head truma
Treatment
IV hyradtion with hypotonic solution
Desmopressin (DDAVP) vasopressin analog but also potent antidiuretic
Life long drug requirement if cause is not determined
Drink enough water to replace fluid lost
Addison Disease
Causes
adrenal cortical insufficiency from lacko f hormones
Autoimmune destruction of layers of the adrenal cortex
lack of ACTH production from pituitary gland
Manifestations
Mineralocorticoids
Dehydration, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypotension, weakness, fatigue, shock
Androgens
Sparse axillary and pubic hair in women
Glucocorticoids
Hypoglycemia, weakness, poor stress response, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vommiting, weight loss, personality changes
Reduction of ACTH
Shock
Death
Severe hypotension
Treatment
isotonic IV fluid repalcement
Hypothyroidism
Congenital or acquired
Manifestations
Weakness
Weight gain
Cold intolerance
Dry skin
FAtigue
Course hair
Constipation
Impaired memory
Impaired reproduction
Deficient thyroid hormone
Treatment
Lifelong hormone replacement
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)
Excessive production of ADH
Produced by Hypothalamus
High levels lead to water retention
Low levels lead to water loss (urination)
Manifestations
Disorientation
Muscle cramps/weakness
Headache
Nausea/Vomiting
Anorexia
Caused by tumor secreting ADH
Treatment
Severe Hyponatremia
Isotonic/hypotonic IV solutions
Meds to block effects of ADH or increase urine output if removing source is not possible
Mild Hyponatremia
Water restriction