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Altered Hormonal and Metabolic Function - Coggle Diagram
Altered Hormonal and Metabolic Function
Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
clinical manifestation
hypotonic hypotremia
decreased and concentrated urine output
serum sodium is less than 115 to 120 mEq/L
vomitting
anorexia
weakness
serum sodium levels below 110 mEq/L
seizures
coma
psychosis
Diagnostic Criteria
Hyponatremia
hypotonicity
decreased urine volume
highly concetrated urine with high sodium content
Treatment
water restriction
isotonic or hypertonic saline given intravenously
medications
Diabetes Insipidus
Clinical Manifestations
large volume urine output
excessive thirst
severe dehydration
shock or death if untreated
Diagnostic criteria
physical examination
laboratory measurements
serum solute concentration
ADH levels
urine-specific gravity
Patient history
Treatment
hydration
IV hydration with a hypotonic solution
drugs
Hyperthyroidism
clinical manifestations
protusion of the eyeballs seen with graves disease
weight loss, tremors, and diarrhea
enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter)
Diagnostic Criteria
patient history
physical examination
measurement of serum TSH level
confirmed by measurement of serum-free thyroxine
treatment
reducing thyroid hormone levels
gland destruction
medications that block thyroid hormone production
surgical removal of all or part of the gland
radioactive idoine
Hypothyroidism
clinical manifestations
goiter
myxedema
fatigue, cold intolerance, dry skin, constipation
Diagnostic Criteria
patient history
physical examination
laboratory test
sensitive TSH assay
free T4, total T4, and T3 uptake
thyroid autoantibodies
antrithyroglobulin test
trearment
goal to normalize TSH,T4 and T3 levels and relieve signs and symptoms
drugs
lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy
Crushing Syndrome
clinical manifestations
suppression of inflammatory and immune responses
obesity
excessive circulating glucose
stretch marks
metabolic alterations
osteoporosis
excessive body and facial hair
diagnosis criteria
24-hr urine collection
imaging studies
treament
surgery
radiation
corticosteroid medication
Addison Disease
clinical manifestation based on the insuffienct levels of each hormone
mineralocorticoids
hypotension
dehydration
Androgens
sparse axillary and pubic hair in women
Glucocorticoids
hypoglycemia
weakness
Diagnostic criteria
clinical presentation
laboratory analysis
serum corticosteroid levels
electrolyte levels
Treatment
IV infusion
increased salt intake in hot weather
antibiotics sometimes
oral replacement of hormones