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nativism :star:, cultural controversies, the first red scare, immigration…
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cultural controversies
Race Riots: nearing the end of World War 1, African Americans had hopes of true equality. However, the end of the war brought a wave of racist assaults, coming from resentful and violent whites.
the Red Summer = continues killing and assaults on blacks that caused riots, which ultimatley showed that nothing in the cycle had changed. However, African Americans were not going to tolerate it anymore.
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Harlem Renaissance: A period of artistic and cultural activity, mostly overwhelmed by African Americans. Was between the end of World War 1 and during the great depression and leading up to world war 2.
The Great Migration: a huge. movement of mostly African American people that fled the south in search for better life conditions.
The Resurgence of the KKK: A group that had disbanded after the Reconstruction era, came to light again in the 1920s, but not only against african americans but to other religions, asians, European immigrants, etc.
the first red scare
Caused because of the russian revolution and anarchist bombings in the untied states in 1917 and 1919.
Was essentially the outbreak of anti-communist hysteria that included the arrest of thousands of suspected radicals who were then deported
It was fueled by the violent actions of a dew militants, causing the dear of communism to become overpowering
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immigration policies
Immigration Act of 1924/ Johnson Reed Act: favored northern and western European immigrants over southern and eastern Europeans by restricting the number of immigrants to 2% of the total number of immigrants per year
also banned almost all immigrants from Asia, and the plan was discriminatory. The immigration act placed no quota on immigrants from countries in the western hemisphere, which caused a surge of immigration from Mexico, Puerto Rico and Cuba.
Previous immigration acts = The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 that barred Chinese laborers from immigrating to American, was supported by Nativisits at that time
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Immigration act of 1917: Immigrants over 16 year old made to take literacy tests in order to demonstrate their reading ability, no matter the language. This act also increased the head tax of what immigrants had to pay when arriving in England. Immigration officials were also allowed to have more discretion in excluding newcomers.
political controversies
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Sacco and Vanzetti case = a trial of two Italian immigrants that occurred at the height of Italian Immigration, where despite the lack of evidence the two defendants were convicted of murder and executed.
it occurred against the backdrop of numerous terror attacks by anarchists, and the two defendants were self procclaimed anarchists.
to many, Sacco and Vanzetti became victims of capitalist injustice.
This happened partly because the nativism embedded in the new immigration laws reinforced the connection between European immigrants and political radicalism.
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Linked event = The Palmer Raids, which were the rounding up of suspects, characterized by its chaotic nature and the confusion it fostered.
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in 1907 - Japanese government limited the amount of immigrants flowing into the United States in the Gentleman's Agreement
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