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THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN, caciquismo, life…
THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XII: STABILITY OF THE REGIME
Bourbon dynasty returned to the throne
the end of the first republic
Alfonso XII was crowned king
monarchical system
stable
Constitution of 1876
because there was a regime change
moderate elementsa
advanced elements
democratic liberalism of 1876
turnismo
CONSTITUTION OF 1876
sovereignty
parliament
the King
Parliament
elected Congress
Senate
senators
by right
by election
by royal
Suffrage
not controlled by the Constitution
the government choose the system
until 1890
censitary suffrage
after 1890
universal manhood suffrage
Rights and freedoms
rights
declared
slow process
often restricted freedoms
expression
association
assembly
Religion
Catholicism
other religions were permitted
but their public expressions were prohibited
Turnismo
a system by Cánovas Castillo
conservative
avoid military uprising
alternate the two main parties
Conservative party
Liberal party
Politic
parties
Conservative party
founded by Cánovas del Castillo
moderate politicians
supporters
aristocracy
wealthy bourgeoisie
Liberal Party
founded by Sagasta
liberal ideology
supporters
middle class
progressives
regionalists
never given the opportunity to govern
the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party
the Republican Party
the Basque Nationalist Party
the Regionalist League of Cataluña
turnismo
stability
falsified the function of the Parliament
negative impact on the regime
the election was manipulate
crisis
at the end of the 19th century
ordinary people wasn't represented
THE REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA: CRISIS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM
María Cristina
regent
Alfonso XII died of tuberculosis
pregnant with Alfonso XIII
political regime
crisis
Problem of political representation
electoral fraud
differences
official Spain
real Spain
citizens were not represented
regional problem
political movements
against the centralism of moderate liberalism
regional identity
Aragón
Valencia
Navarra
Asturias
Andalucía
cultural movements
proposal for decentralisation
expression of their own culture
nationalist movements
Catalan
active role in Spanish politics
wanted to be recognised as a nation
1877
newspaper in Catalan
1901
Regionalist league of Cataluña
Basque
1894 Basque Nationalist party
by Sabino Arana
no Spanish dimension
wanted the Basque national sovereignty
Galicia
Colonial problem
the Cuban Wars
1868-1878 / 1895-1898
Cuban independent fighters
aided by the United states
treaty of Paris
1898
Spain lost the war
had to cede
Puerto Rico
the Philippines
there were uprisings
Cuba
Guam
German-Spanish treaty
cede to Germany
the Mariana Islands
Caroline islands
Palau
Consequences of the Disaster of the 98
national crisis
lost of the colonies
major blow to Spanish morale
80,000 people died
many injured
income from the colonies lost
government
parties that supported turnismo
alost credibility
accused of poor political management
GRADUAL ECONOMIC MODERNISATION IN SPAIN
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES
high death rates
live expectancy
35 years in 1900
causes
wars
famines
epidemics
smallpox
measles
yellow fever
cholera
AGRICULTURE
inequality of land ownership
Caciquismo
in rural Spain
19th century
Caciques
large landowners
social influence because of control
employment contracts
municipal jobs
armed followers
intimidate population
turnismo
result favourable to their interests
FINANCIAL CHANGES
tax system
unfair
penalised poor people
little tax were collected
1865
the Banco de España was founded
credit associations established
1868
the Peseta
Spain's official national currency
until 2002
laws in the 19th century
standardise
weights
measurements
coins
THE LABOUR MOVEMENT
Parties
The Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (PSOE)
Marxist party
foundation in 1879
in Madrid
by Pablo Iglesias
the socialist General Union of Workers (UGT)
Pablo Iglesias helped
1888
main achievements
changes to employment registration
protective laws on child labour (1873)
recognition of trade union rights (1887)
and compensation for victims of accidents in the workplace (1900)
