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The continent of Australia - Coggle Diagram
The continent of Australia
BIOMES and CLIMATES
Temperate forests (in the east)
Grasslands (between desert and temperate forests)
Rainforests (in the north-east and on the islands)
Mediterranean forests (in the south)
Savannah (in the north)
OUTBACK
The outback is a region of desert and semi-desert land.
Outback is about 70% of Australia (country)'s landscape.
It's along the Tropic of Capricorn
ULURU (or Ayers Rock)
In the middle of Outback there is Uluru (Ayers Rock).
It’s in the Central Australian desert.
It’s a huge red rock. It's a sacred place for the Aboriginals.
People can't climb it.
It's 348 m high (higher than Eiffel Tower)
It’s characterized by a soil extremely rich in iron, so its color is red.
Desert (in the middle and in the west), it's 33% of the continent
Rivers
They are quite short with an irregular flow.
Often those create BILLABONG ,They are PONDS or SMALL LAKES that are left when a river alters its course, or after a flood.
The longest river is Murray-Darling (3672 km) in the south-estern part of Australia.
The Great Barrier Reef
Atolls
An atoll is a ring-shaped coral reef or island.
The atoll surrounds a body of water called a lagoon.
Atolls develop with underwater volcanoes.
The most famous are found in Polynesia (an example: Bora Bora)
It spreads for 2000 km and lives around 900 islands.
The corals live on the surface of the water and so they form barriers along coasts and around islands, providing protection from storms.
Coral reefs are considered rainforests of the sea.
Corals and coral reefs are found around the islands and atolls of the Pacific Island region.
The MAIN SOURCE of INCOME of Australia: TOURISM.
Endemic species
Animals that are restricted to a geographical area and are not naturally present in any other part of the world.
Kangaroo, wallaby, flying fox, Tasmanian devil, wombat, koala, platypus.
Where is it located?
In the Australian continent there are
three island groups:
MICRONESIA : "small islands". It’s located north of the Equator. It includes islands like Mariana, Marshall and Kiribati.
MELANESIA : "black islands". It's located south of the Equator. It's North-east to the Australian country. It includes Papua New Guinea and Fiji.
POLYNESIA: "many islands". It's a large group of islands in a triangle. Hawaii in the north, Easter Island in the east, New Zealand in the south.
From 28 degrees North, near the Tropic of Cancer (in the Northern emisphere) to 55 degrees South, in the Southern emisphere.
Nickname:
The land down under.
Lakes
Lake Eyre is the largest lake in the Australian continent.
It's in the Simpson Desert.
It's 9500 square km. It's half of the Ontario Lake (Great Lakes, USA)
Mountains
The highest mountains are two:
Mount Wilhelm (4509 m), in Papua New Guinea
Mount Cook (3754m), in the South Island of New Zealand
The Ring of fire
It's a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by:
active volcanoes
(75% of the Earth's volcanoes)
and
frequent earthquakes
(90% of the Earth's earthquakes).
The challenger deep.
It's the deepest part of the ocean in the World. It's the Mariana Trench, which is about 11 km.
Population: in Oceania there are about 44 million people
Australia:
25.5 million people
Sydney (5.2 million) - East
Melbourne (4.9 million) - South-East
Brisbane (2.5 million) - East
Perth (2.1 million) - West
Adelaide (1.4 million) - South
Canberra (460 thousand) - South-East - the capital city of Australia
Hobart (250 thousand) - South
Darwin (150 thousand) - North
Papua New Guinea: 8.2 million people
New Zealand: 4.9 million people
Other Islands: 2.5 million people