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Acid and Base Homeostasis, Response to acidosis is caused by the addition…

- - - - 93% diffuses in to RBCs
        
        23% binds to Hb, forming carbaminohaemoglobin HbCO2
        
        70% converted to H2CO3 by carbonic anhydrase
        
        H2CO3 dissociates into H+ and HCO3-
        
        C02+H20 > H2CO3 > H+ + HCO3-
        
        H+ removed by buffers like Hb to maintain pH
        
        HCO3- moves out of RBC in exchange for CL-
- - - - H20 + CO2 > H2CO3 > H+ + HCO3-
        
        When blood carbon dioxide increases,
        
        More carbonic acid forms
        
        Addition hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions are release
        
        pH decreases
    - - H+ + HCO3- > H2CO3 > H20 + CO2
        
        When blood carbon dioxide decreases
        
        Carbonic acid dissociates into CO2 and H20
        
        H+ ions removed
        
        So pH increases
  - - - H+ activates Respiratory Control Centres
        
        Ventilation increases
    - - Adjust breathing
- - - - ↑ arterial H+ concentration
        
        ↑ Stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors
        
        ↑ Stimulation of medullary inspiratory neurons
        
        ↑ Ventilation
      - ↑ CO2 in spinal fluid
        
        ↑ H+ concentration
        
        ↑ stimulation of central chemoreceptors
  - - - Glutamine breaks down into NH4+ and HCO3-, or NH3 upon hydrolysation by glutaminase
        
        NH3 passed into lumen, ready to combine with H+
  - - - Diagram
        
        Return to homeostasis
    - - Processes, positive and negative HCO3- balance
    - - Processes
    - - Draw flowchart