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What are the effects of chemicals in food and drink on cellular functions …
What are the effects of chemicals in food and drink on cellular functions
CHEMICALS
(types of chemicals found in foods and drinks)
caffeine
stimulates ATP production'
blocks melatonin signaling to the cell
speeds neural activity
can cause death of cells
suppresses progression of cells in cell cycle
Glucose
cell respiration
whether it properly breaks down during digestion
Monosodium glutamate
enhance flavour of savoury dishes
found in fast food meals and frozen meals
overstimulates nerve cells
artificial food colouring
cause allergies
sodium nitrate
acts as a preservative
used to prevent bacteria
high levels/intake can lead to stomach cancer
in cells: - reacts with hemoglobin in red blood cells, reacting with cyanide ion (free radical), leading to cyanmethemoglobin being formed
because it binds with cyanide it prevents its reaction with cytochrome
cytochrome is important as it supports function of ATP production
salicylates
can cause swelling of organs and/or allergies
decrease production of ATP
titanium dioxide
benzene
vitamin C
stimulate nutrophil migration to cite of infection
enhance phagocytosis
microbial killing
When in excess can damage cells
Yeast
CO2 production as a result of turning yeast into energy
finding affect of it: production of Co2 with different concentrations of X (finding something that reacts with yeast and finding the c02 concentrations)
Potassium cyanide
Found in cassava, lima beans, almonds and apricots.
Released naturally sometimes in substantial amounts such as apricots and peaches.
Inhibits catalase which is found in the liver
Catalase breaks down harmful hydrogen peroxide into carbon dioxide and water
Hydroxylamine
Found in gram bean and mung bean. - Hydroxylamine is a competitive inhibitor of catalase which prevents catalase from being able to break down hydrogen peroxide into water and carbon dioxide
benezene
impacts circulation of red blood cells
due to low blood circulation hydrogen peroxide is created within cells - toxic
CELLULAR FUNCTIONS
digestion
absorption of food
properly broken down or excreted
process of digestion
whether certain chemicals restrict or allow digestion to fully occur
metabolism
high metabolism
low metabolism
Homeostasis
balance within body/cell
growth
growth of cells
cellular fucntions properly bein carried out
human growth
Grow
transport
transport of substances across membrane
transport of substances within cell
energy for respiration
Anerobic
Without oxygen present
fermentation
high glucose concentrations remaining in cell
aerobic
with oxygen present
breakdown of glucose
enzymes
chemicals inhibiting enzymes
whether they inhibit enzymes and do not allow for cellular functions to be carried out
inhibiting enzymes leading to harmful byproducts being produced
common: hydrogen peroxide
EFFECTS
diet
restrictive diet
religious reaons
perosnal choice eg. being vegan - luna
perosnal factors involving health
diabetes
sugar intake
cancer
Reduction in mitosis capabilities
if certain chemicals found within the foods or drinks process of dna replication leading to mutations
cancer causing
affects on cellular respiration
Whether the chemicals within the foods and drinks restrict or allow cellular respiration to efficiently occur
TYPE OF CELL
Prokaryotic
bacteria
Eukaryotic
aerobic respiration
Fungal
Most undertake aerobic respiration
some undertake anerobic respiration