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Ecosystem - Coggle Diagram
Ecosystem
Definition
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Pearson Edexcel IGCSE
A distinct, self-supporting system of organisms interacting with each other and with a physical environment.
Components of Ecosystems
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The Physical Environment
All the non-biological components of the ecosystem.(i.e water and soil in a pond, soil and air in a forest)
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Food Chain
In any food chain, the arrow(-->) means 'is eaten by'.
In the illustration,
- The grass is the producer. It is a plant so it can photosynthesise and produce food materials.
- The grasshopper is the primary consumer. It is an animal which eats the producer and is also a herbivore.
- The lizard is the secondary consumer. It eats the primary consumer and is also a carnivore.
The different stages in a food chain (producer, primary consumer and secondary consumer) are called trophic levels.
Extra links after secondary consumer are called :
- Tertiary consumer : comes after secondary consumer
- Quaternary consumer : comes after tertiary consumer
Food Web
The range of food web is bigger than food chain. It consists of several food chains. Food web gives us much more information than food chains.
Ecological
Pyramids
There are 2 main types :
- Number Pyramids,
which represent the number of organisms in each trophic level in a food chain, irrespective of their mass.
Ecological pyramids are diagrams that represent the relative amounts of organisms at each trophic level in a food chain.
- Biomass Pyramids,
which show the total mass of the organisms in each trophic level, irrespective of their number.
