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Meningitis - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Most common of all types in all age groups
- - - - Normally not present in infants
  - - - <1 year
    - - Median is 43 years
    - - Highest incidence by N. meningitidis
  - - - Immunocompromise
        
        AIDS, asplenia, alcoholism, chronic illness, cancer, sickle-cell, old age, pregnancy
      - Crowded occupational or living conditions
      - Close contact with infected person
- - - - 11-17 years
    - - Adults
  - - - Lyme
- - - - Leg extension
    - - Knee flection
  - - - Cutaneous petechiae
      - Maculopapular rash
      - Nonblanching rash
- - - - Complete Blood count (CBC) :arrow_down: WBC
      - Blood metabolic panel (BMP) Assess CSF glucose
      - C-reactive protein (CMP) :arrow_up:
  - - - Appearance
        
        Cloudy, purulent
      - Cell count
        
        :arrow_up: Granulocytes
      - :arrow_up: Opening pressure
      - :arrow_up:Lactate
      - Protein
      - :arrow_down: Glucose
      - Gram stain + culture +
    - - Appearance
        
        Clear fluid
      - Cell count
        
        Variable but :arrow_up: Lymphocytes
      - Lactate
        
        Variable
      - Protein
        
        Normal or :arrow_up:
      - Glucose
        
        Normal
      - Gram stain - culture -
  - - - Blood gas
      - Coagulation panel
    - - :!!:Not necessary to establish Dx
      - Only indicated in px with significant risk of complications
- - - - Once the pathogen is identified, tailor antimicrobial Tx
  - - - Depends on the prevalence of organisms in age groups and risk factors
- - - - Enterovirus
      - Herpes simplex virus
      - Usually resolves itself
    - - Neisseria meningitidis
      - Streptococcus pneumoniae
      - Rare forms:
        
        Tuberculous meningitis
        
        Lyme-associated
      - :!!:Can be deadly :skull:
        
        Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
        
        Disseminated intravascular coagulation
        
        Fast Tx is needed