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THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN - Coggle Diagram
THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XII
STABILITY OF THE REGIME
due to Constitution of 1879 + turnismo
CONSTITUTION OF 1876
Combination of moderate and liberal elements of 1869
Sovereignty
in hand of the king and parliament
Parliament
formed by elected
Senate
three categories of senators
by right
by royal apoinment
elected
Congres
Suffrage
the governement choose the system
not regulated by constitution
until 1890
censitary suffrage
after 1890
universal manhood suffrage
Rights and freedome
slow process
Freedome of
expression
association
political parties and trade unions
assembly
Religion
Catholicism the official religion
other eligions permited
not public expression
TURNISMO
introduced by Cánovas del Castillo
WHAT IS IT?
the corrupt alernation of main parties in power
to avoid military uprising
choosen by the King
did not follow the dunction fo parlament
allready knew who was going to rule
CONSECUENCES
had a negative efect in the regime
crisi 19th century
ordinary people were politically marginalised
first gave establity
Bourbon restoration:
Bourbon dynaste returned to rule Spain
Alfonso XII King
End of the First Republic
restoration of monarchy
THE TWO MAIN PARTIES
Conservative Party
founded by Cánovas del Castillo
moderate
supported by wealthiest people
aristocracy
burgeoisie+ middle class
Liberal Party
founded by Sagasta
ideas of the Sexenio Revolucionario
supporters
regionalist middle class
progressives
Other Parties never ruled
Republican Party
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
PSOE
Basque Nationalist Paty
PNV
Regionalist League of Cataluña
THE REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA
CRISIS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM
PROBLEMS
Problem of popular representation
there was political fraud
citizens were not represented in the Parliament
Regional problem
political movements that demaded regional identity
Aragón
Valencia
Navarra
Asturias
Andalucia
IMPORTANT ONES:
Pais Vasco
Cataluña
Galicia
their motivations
cultural moveents to defend their own culture
1890 some Basque and Catalan began to state proposals
Catalan nationalism
1877 first newspaper in catalan
1901 Reguinalist League of Cataluña
they wanted
Cataluña to be a nation
play active role in Spanish politics
Basuqe nationalism
1894 Sabino Arana founded PNV
Basque Natiolast Party
aim
Basque national sovereignty
they didn't want to be part of Spain or relate to it
The colonial problem
Cuban wars (1868–1878 and 1895–1898)
wanted auntonomy
fought againts Spain and US helped them
Upsrisings in Pilippines
Lost Of Colonies
US helped Cuba in the war againts Spain (1868)
Spain los Treaty of Paris (1898)
gave to US
Cuba until 1902
Philippines
Puerto Rico
Guam
Germany-Spanish Treaty
gave to Germany
Mariana Islands
Caroline Islands
Paula
THE DISASTER OF 1898
national crisis
more than 80,000 Spanish people died
afected the moral
parties that supported turnismo
accused of poor political managemnet
lost credibility
WHY and WHEN
November 1885 Alfonso died of tuberculosis
his second wife Maria Cristina became regent
she was pregnant
regime began to go into a cirsis
REGENERATIONISM
movement that wanted to eliminate the electoral fraud
promoted education system
slogan: ‘school and larder'
supporter
Joaquin Costa (1846–1911)
GRADUAL ECONOMIC MODERNISATION IN
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES
High death rated and low life expectancy
due to
famines
epidemics
smallpox
measles
yellow fever
malaria
cholera
35 years in 1900
AGRICULTURAL CHANGES
unequialities in land ownership
CACIQUISMO
19th century rular Spain
large landowners: Cacique
had economic and social influence
controlled employment contracts+municipal jobs
had armed followers
turnismo
elections were faurable to their interests
FINANCIAL CHANGES
1865 Banco de España founded
as well as credit associations
problem
little tax collected + was unffair
penalised poor people
THE PESETA
essential development of national market
Spain's national currency (1868-2002)
already used in Cataluña
THE LABOUR MOVEMENT
Constitution 1869
freedom of association included
the labour movement developed
parties and association that were created
The Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (PSOE) 1879
marxist party
by Pablo Iglesias in Madrid
General Unio of Workers (UGT) 1888
Spanish Regional Federation of the International Workingmen’s Association In 1873
main achievements
changes to employement legislation
protective laws on child labour (1873)
recognition of trade union rights (1887)
compensation for victims of accidents in workplace (1900)
