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Year 10 Geography December Mock - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Sand paper effect
      - Loose rock particles are carried by the water and scrape against the solid bedrock
      - Also involves loose particles being flung against cliffs or river bank by the water. (corrasion)
    - - Involves sheer power of water, often compressing air into cracks of cliffs or river banks, causes rocks to break away
    - - When rocks and boulders transported by waves bump into each other and break up into smaller pieces
        
        Over time the rocks become smaller
    - - Soluble rocks dissolve (chalk and limestone)
  - - - East Anglia in the East of England
      - Low-lying stretch of coastline
      - Variety of habitats
        
        Broad sandy beaches, salt marshes, sand dunes and some cliffed coastline
      - Landscape famous for its 'big skies' attracting tourists and artists
    - - Powerful waves from the north-east
      - Longshore drift operates from east to west although opposing currents transport sediment southwards along the east coast of England around the wash.
      - Mechanical weathering (freeze-thaw and mass movement) very active on the cliffs in the eat of the region, particularly between Overstrand and Happisburgh. Localized and a smaller scale than longshore drift
      - Coastal erosion is active in the East, with coastal deposition dominating in the West
    - - Geology
        
        Entire region is underlain by sedimentary rock chalk, exposed in places such as the base of the cliffs at Overstrand.
        
        Overlying the chalk is thick glacial sediment deposited by ice sheets that spread south form Scandinavia during the last glacial period
        
        Cromer Ridge - 100 metre ridge just inland from Cromer. Is a terminal moraine, a glacial deposition that marks the furthest extent of the advance
        
        Sands and gravels deposited by glacial meltwater streams are found along parts of the coast to the west of the region
        
        Till - Unsorted Glacial sediment, forms thick deposits along much of the coast, spreading some distance inland
        
        Glacial sediments are weak. Prone to mass movement. Rapidly eroded by the sea (in some parts it retreats over a metre a year)
      - Climate
        
        Change in climate - Huge impact
        
        During last glacial period, ice advanced over the area depositing huge thickness of sediment. Exposed to geomorphic processes, this has been eroded in the east and redistributed in the west
        
        Present day climate is relatively dry with warm summers and occasionally cold winters.
        
        Till dries out and cracks in dry conditions making it more vulnerable to geomorphic processes.
        
        Cold spells in winter promote freeze thaw weathering, particularly if the clay contains large cracks
    - - Landforms due to coastal erosion and coastal deposition
      - North-east coast between Overstrand and Happisburgh is dominated by actively eroding till cliffs
        
        In Happisburgh, people have lost homes due to rapid coastal retreat
      - North coast to the west of Sheringham is a coastline dominated by deposition. Longshore drift transports sediment from East to West, Forming and extensive spit at Blakeney
      - Sand dunes (Holkham)
      - Salt marshes (Stiffkey)
    - - Many villages and small towns on the coast, linked by main roads. Economic activities include fishing, farming and forestry
      - Much of the area is popular with tourists who visit the coast to enjoy the landscape taking boat trips and hiking or cycling along the lanes and paths
      - The varied and undamaged coastal habitats such as salt marshes and sand dunes are particular popular with visitors