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The Restoration of the Ancien Régime and liberalism, nationalism and…

- - - - The Holy Alliance
        
        Included Russia, Austria and Prussia
        
        The monarchs of these three countries promised to support each other
      - The Quadruple Alliance
        
        Included Russia, Austria, Prussia and Great Britain
        
        Their main objective was to hold regular meetings in order to resolve Europe's problems
    - - The four main powers that had defeated Napoleon benefited from the new map of Europe
        
        Russia
        
        Was given Finland, part of the Ottoman Empire (Bessarabia) and part of Poland. It became the main power on the continent
        
        Austria
        
        Was given Lombardy-Venetia (the north of Italy), part of Poland, Dalmatia and the Tyrol
        
        Prussia
        
        Was given the Rhineland, part of Poland and part of Saxony, but it was divided into two
        
        The United Kingdom
        
        Was given control of the Mediterranean Sea, the North Sea and the Baltic Sea
      - Other important changes included
        
        Belgium and the United Provinces (Holland) were united to form the Kingdom of the Netherlands
        
        The German Confederation was formed from 39 German states
        
        France was reduced in size to its 1791 borders
        
        Italy remained divided into seven states
        
        Sweden was given Norway, which had previously been controlled by Denmark
- - - - The right to life, freedom of expression and association, to choose political representatives and to own private property
    - - Which had triumphed with the Glorious Revolution in Great Britain, American independence and the French Revolution
    - - Wealthy bourgeoisie
    - - Constitutions that guaranteed citizens' rights and liberties
      - Constitutional monarchy as the form of government
      - The separation of powers
        
        Executive power
        
        Held by the monarch and the government
        
        Legislative power
        
        Held by the cortes or parliament
        
        Judicial power
        
        Held by the courts
      - Popular sovereignty
        
        Limited male suffrage based on property ownership
      - Individual liberties
        
        Freedom of association and expression, freedom of the press, and freedom of religion
    - - Moderate liberals
        
        They supported very limited male suffrage
        
        Which only men with a lot of property could vote
        
        They thought that sovereignty should be shared between the monarch and the cortes or parliament
        
        They accepted freedom of speech and of the press, but they supported some prior censorship
      - Radical or progressive liberals
        
        They supported limited male suffrage
        
        with a much lower property requirement
        
        They thought that sovereignty belonged only to the people, who were represented by the cortes or parliament
        
        They believed in unrestricted freedom of speech and of the press
  - - - It is an ideology that advocates the right of people who define themselves as a nation to form independent states
    - - the nation-state based on a population with common links
        
        Culture
        
        History
        
        Languages
      - Popular sovereignty
        
        All citizens would feel part of the nation
      - Each nation should choose its own form of government
    - - Unification nationalism
        
        Advocated the unification of independent states with a common language and history
      - Separatist nationalism
        
        Advocated independence for regions that formed part of multinational states
  - - - They did not have the right to vote.
    - - Universal manhood suffrage
        
        They thought all men should have the right to vote
      - A preference for the republic as a form of government