THE RESTORATION: LIBERALISM AND NATIONALISM

The Restoration of the Ancien Régime

The return to the political system of the Ancien Régime

It was imposed by the European powers

In 1815

The supporters of the Restoration believed the monarchy was only capalble of leading a country

Popular sovereignty and constitutions could never exist again

In 1814–1815 Congress of Vienna

Where the European powers met

MEASURES

Absolute monarchies were reinstated

The European monarchs returned

Europe's borders were changed

Napoleon transformed the map of Europe

The European powers agreed to...

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During it...

2 European alliances

The Quadruple Alliance

The Holy Alliance

Russia, Austria and Prussia supported each other

Russia, Austria, Prussia and Great Britain supported each other

Their main objective

hold regular meetings

to resolve Europe's problems

support any monarch who was threatened by revolution

or any attempt to limit his/her power

Formed to..

enforce the agreements made at the Congress of Vienna

To assist any absolute monarch who was threatened by revolution.

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NEW EUROPE MAP

Russia

Austria

Had Finland, Ottom empire and part of Poland

Had Lombardy-Venetta, part of Poland, Dalmatta and the Tyrol

Prussia

Had Rhineland, part of Poland and part of Saxony

United Kingdom

Had the control of the Mediterranean Sea, North sea, Baltic sea, Malta and Ionian island

Important changes

Kingdom of Netherlands

Formed by Belgium and the United

German confederation

Formed by 39 German states

Dominated by Austria and Prussia

Italy

Divided into 7 states

Sweden

Had Norway

France

Its sice was reduced in 1791

Liberalism, nationalism and democracy

European Revolution

European revolutions took place in 19th century

Many people refused to accept the Restoration and the return of Ancien Regime

2 ideologies

Liberalism

Nationalism

Advocates individual liberties

Right to life

Freedom of expression and association

Right to choose political representatives

Right to own private property

Origin

British liberalism and Enlightenment ideas

Represented the interests of the wealthy burgeoisie

Prinicples they supported

constitutionst

constitutional monarchy

Separation of powers

individual liberties

popular sovereignty

Guaranteed citizens rights and liberties

Form of government

Executive power held by ...

Legislative power held by...

Judicial power held by...

courts

cortes or parliament

The monarch and the government

Limited male suffrage based on property ownership

Freedom of association and expression

Freedom of the press

Freedom of religion

An ideology

Advocates the right of people who define themselves as a nation to form independent states

Principles they supported

A population with common links

Culture, history and language

Popular sovereignty

all citizens feel part of the nation

each nation

Choose its own form of government

2 different types

Unification nationalism

Separatist nationalism

Advocated the unification of independent states with a common language and history

Advocated independence for regions that formed part of multinational states

Democracy

Democratic movements

Advocated ordinary people's right to participate in politics

The petite bourgeoisie rejected the limited male suffrage

The limitated male was imposed by the wealthy bourgeoisie

As they didn't have much or any property, they didn't have the right to vote

Principles supported

Universal manhood suffrage

All men should have the right to vote

The republic a form of government

They considered hereditary monarchy to be incompatible with democracy

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