Humanistic Approach
Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslow's hierachy of needs
points on the hierachy of needs
motivations may not stem from only 1 level or 1 specific need, e.g. sex can come from physiological need + social affection
ppl progress up the hierachy after clearing the low levels
needs are not met indefinitely
Theory to become a fully functioning person
Assessments
Getting patients to tell you what is wrong
Strengths and criticisms
Q-sort technique
Psychotherapy
Person centered therapy/rogerian counselling
targeted the healthy side of individuals rather than the preexisting notions of freud and behaviourism
Changed how therapies work
Many therapists embrace Rogers’ suggestion to make their clients the center of therapy
Rogerian techniques as therapist empathy, positive regard for clients, giving clients responsibility for change, and self-disclosure by client and therapist
theories have also influenced education and workplace
unfit for scientific study as free will is not something one can use to predict and measure
statistical determinism
Key concepts are poorly defined
lack of scientific backing
humanistic therapies may not be applicable for those with severe psych disorders
Overly naive assumptions about humans; e,g, all humans are good and all humans strive to be something they want to be
four factors to identify a humanistic approach
emphasis on the here and now
focusing on the experience of the individual/phenomenology of self
emphasis on personal responsibility
emphasis on personal growth.
progress toward a state of fulfillment and happiness unless derailed by life’s obstacles
Encountering conflicts with self concept, ppl use distortion or denial
unconditional positive regard can overcome this
conditional positive regard causes this
healthy individuals have peak experiences
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
introduced "flow"
self-esteem
solitude
being alone is important, can get wisdom by reflecting on the experiences
personal evaluation of self
relationships with reaction to failure
growth needs
deficiency motives
subception
if reality and self concept has too much disparity, may result in disorganisation
also understand that maslow focused his theories on healthy individuals only
optimal experience
loneliness
negative expectations
poor social skills
self esteem
self-worth
contingencies of self-worth