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Orang Asli: A Social History - Coggle Diagram
Orang Asli: A Social History
Group and location
i. Negrito (Semang)
1. Kensiu (Northeast Kedah)
2. Kintak (Kedah-Perak Border)
3. Jahai (Northeast Perak and West Kelantan)
4. Lanoh (North Central Perak)
5. Mendriq (Southeast Kelantan)
6. Batek (Northeast Pahang and South Kelantan)
ii. Senoi
1. Semai (Northwest Pahang and South Perak)
2. Temiar (North Perak and South Kelantan)
3. Jah Hut (Central Pahang)
4. Chewong (Central Pahang)
5. Mah Meri (Coastal Selangor)
6. Semoq Beri (South Central Pahang)
iii. Aboriginal (Proto) Malay
1. Temuan (Selangor and Negeri Sembilan)
2. Semelai (Central Pahang and East Negeri Sembilan)
3. Jakun (South Pahang and North Johor)
4. Orang Kanaq (East Johor)
5. Orang Kuala (West and South Coasts of Johor)
6. Orang Seletar (West and South Coasts of Johor)
Relationship between Orang Asli and various group
(iii) The Emergency period
Despite of their bitter experience unfortunate episodes of life, the struggles of Emergency brought so much benefits to the jungle communities
The Government (which formerly neglected and ignored them) now actively and took an extensive interest in Orang Asli development and welfare.
(ii) During the Japanese Occupation of Malaya
Dec 1941-Feb 1942: Japanese invaders swept from Kota Bahru in the north to Singapore
Many individuals and and organisations took refuge in the hills and forests
The jungle people also become targets for Communist propaganda
The MPAJA carefully nurtured friendship with Orang Asli as they want to protect jungle people from bandits and Japanese troops.
In return, Orang Asli provide porters, guides, foods, and intelligence on Japanese movement
(iv) Post-Emergency period
Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli was formed
1961: Ministry of Interior published a "Statement of policy regarding the administration of aborigine people of the federation of Malaya"
Until today, Orang Asli become one of the most marginalised groups in Malaysia
Health: Health problems made worse by poverty
Education: A large significant number have never attended school at all
Development: Left behind compared to other societies
(i) Before WW2
Played an important role in trade and
governance in the region
Alliances with the Orang
Asli were much sought after by the Malay settlers
Early 20th century: The Malays depended on the Orang Asli as primary source of forest products international trade
Besides forest produce, the Orang Laut, with their diving and swimming skills
15th century: played an important role in the formation of the Melaka
empire
16th century: The descendants of Orang Asli (Biduanda Waris) held an esteemed position in the
administration of the region
19th century: Orang Asli as a slaves (long history in South East Asia). The practice divided into two main classes of ordinary slaves (abdi) and debtor slaves (orang berhutang)
Children regarded as desirable by the slave hunters because adults were considered too old to train properly and liable to escape to the hills and forests.
Contact with Chinese: A friendly connection with Chinese created a good atmosphere among the Orang Asli was a great assistance to the Chinese to dominated military and political organisations