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Public Health Aspects of Undernutrition - Coggle Diagram
Public Health Aspects of Undernutrition
Intro
Phases: Food science, Nutritional psycology, Clinical nutrition, Public Health Nutrition
PHN: Undernutrition Obesity Growth retardation or stunting Iron deficiency anaemia & other micronutrient
Food s a human right
- (Universal Declaration of Human Rights UN 1948)
Diet is a contributing factor
Infant LBW
Heart disease
Hypertension
Cancer
Osteoporosis
Nutritional Advice
Pre-conceptional advice for men & women
Preconception folate/folic acid
Restrict Alcohol
Desired weight loss) at least 3 –4 months before
A balanced and varied diet
Healthy diet during pregnancy
No extra reguirement during first triester | +360 kcal during second triester
Low energy snakes - chiecken pau, redbean pau, 3 small apam
DOHaD Hypothesis
Why important? Best time to intervene are 1. Mother & infant 2. Chid & adolacent (later in life no so effecient)
Recommended weight gain during pregnancy changes with pre-conception BMI
Nutritional requirement during lactation
Best duration for breastfeeding - 4 months - 6 months
Colostrum - high in HMO - facilitate the establishemnt of bifidus flora
first 6th months - additional 2000 kcal/d
Nutritional adequacy of breast milk?
Factors affecting human nutrition
Causes of malnutrition in chidren
Poverty, food insecuritym family size, mothers literacy level, child neglect
Breast Feeding
Inhibiting factors
Demands on the mother’s time
Physical problems
Embarrassment
Incompatibility with work
What is our role?
Promotge Baby firendly hospital initiative
Maintain effective communications
Encourage media
Encourage employers
Advocate BF promotional program
Inform and educate the community
Undernutrition
Protein Energy Mal
Breast Feeding
Benefits
It’s a complete food
Protection against infection
Least allergenic for any infant
Effect on mother infant relationship
Promotes good jaw and tooth development
Cost & Availability
No risk of solute overload
Colostrum
High in protein and immunoglobulins | low in fat
1-3 days postpartum
Benefits to mother
Earlier return to prepregnancy weight
Improved bone remineralisation
Increases level of oxytocin
Problums
Engorgement
Blocked milk ducts
Insufficient milk
Mastitis/ Inflammation
Sore and damaged nipples
Contraindications
Usage of certain drugs/ medications
Human immunodeficiency virus
Medical problems to the infants