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MALAYSIAN SOCIAL HISTORY TOPIC: "ORANG ASLI" - Coggle…
MALAYSIAN SOCIAL HISTORY
TOPIC: "ORANG ASLI"
DEFINITION OF ORANG ASLI
-A heterogeneous group, they are widely
dispersed in all states in Peninsular Malaysia.
• three main categories;
Senoi, Negrito, and Aboriginal Malay.
1.THE SENOI
• The Senoi - largest Orang Asli group,
• About 54 per cent of the Orang Asli population.
• Traditionally more sedentary compared to the Negritos
GROUP OF SENOI & LOCATION
Semai-Northwest Pahang and South Perak Temiar-North Perak and South Kelantan
Jah Hut-Central Pahang
Chewong-Central Pahang
Mah Meri-Coastal Selangor
Semoq Beri-South Central Pahang
2.THE NEGRITO
Kensiu-Northeast Kedah
Kintak-Kedah-Perak Border
Jahai-Northeast Perak and West Kelantan
Lanoh-North Central Perak
Mendriq-Southeast Kelantan
Batek-Northeast Pahang and South Kelantan
GROUP OF NEGRITO & LOCATION
• Less sedentary, more hunter-gathering
• A little over 3 percent of the total Orang Asli population
.• Smallest category of the Orang Asli, populationwise.
3The Aboriginal (Proto) Malays.
• Second largest group, consisting about 43
percent of the total Orang Asli population.
• Live in the most accessible areas, way of life
is generally similar to that of the rural Malay
GROUP OF ABORIGINAL(PROTO) MALAYS
Temuan-Selangor and Negeri Sembilan Semelai-Central Pahang and East Negeri Sembilan
Jakun-South Pahang and North Johor
Orang Kanaq-East Johor
Orang Kuala-West and South Coasts of Johor
Orang Seletar-West and South Coasts of Johor
relationships between Orang Asli and various
groups :
i)BEFORE WW2
Many Proto-Malays (converted into Islam)
played an important role in trade and governance in the region, and alliances
early 20th century, the Malays depended on the Orang Asli (primary source of forest products)
the Orang Asli had important leadership roles and at times even oversaw Malay subjects
-Orang Asli also reflected their deeprooted and justified fears of Malays
-two main classes of ordinary slaves (abdi) and debtor slaves (orang berhutang).
-The Chinese community had much less contact with the Orang Asli than did the Malays.
-Some Chinese traders, cultivators and timber workers did, (dealings with the jungle people)
ii)During the Japanese Occupation of Malaya
-Japanese invaders swept from Kota Bharu-north to Singapore(Dec 1941- Feb 1942)
-Many individuals and organisations took refuge in the hills and forests( eg: European,Chinese members, the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA) )
-Friendly contacts made by many Chinese with the Orang Asli before the war became invaluable
-The jungle peoples also became targets for Communist propaganda
-out of a population of 50,000, a staggering 30,000 Orang Asli aided the communist guerrillas at one point during the Emergency period
iii) The Emergency
• These crucial 12 years (1948-1960) saw the challenges and defeat of the Communist Forces.
•Orang Asli were the main interest of the British administration.
•The British Military Administration, the welfare of the OA came under the jurisdiction of the Department Of Social Welfare from 1947 to 1949.
•Thousands of OA resettled into hastily prepared camps surrounded by barbed wire to avoid them to escape.
•Th OA struggled to adapt their mentally and physically.
Department Of Aborigines
• In early 1953, its functions to an advisory role only.
•By the end of 1954, the department become responsible to provision their education, welfare and medical facilites in OA areas.
•Despite unfortunate and experiance, the emergency brought benefit to the OA.
•The goverment took active and interest to take care of welfare and development OA.
iv) Post-Emergency Period
• Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli was formed.
•The Second Fiver Year Plan, there's a project intended to benefit the OA.
•1961, The Ministry Of Interior published a "Statement of Policy Regarding the Administration of aborigine people of the federation of Malaya" ;
PURPOSE
i) To protect and recognise OA rights.
ii) Allowed on an equal footing the rights and opportunities.
iii) To protect the institution, customs, mode of life, persons, property and labour.
Post-Emergency Period- Today
• OA continue to be one of the most marginalised groups in Malaysia
• Orang Asli
• 50% of households live below the poverty line
• 19% considered hardcore poor
• National poverty rate
• 3.8% poverty
• 0.7% hardcore poor
