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Generalities: Epistemological Foundations of Quantitative Research,…
Generalities: Epistemological Foundations of Quantitative Research
Positivism
Philosophical theory that certain ("positive") knowledge is based on natural phenomena and their properties and relations.
Information derived from sensory experience
It is interpreted by means of reason and logic; it constitutes the exclusive source of all certain knowledge.
Valid knowledge is found only in this knowledge after the fact.
Post-positivism
There is a reality independent of our thinking that science can study.
The aim of science is to faithfully achieve the goal of obtaining information about reality, since all measurement is imperfect.
Applying triangulation is more feasible to obtain better results about reality.
Criticalism
It confronts predictable knowledge foundations and methodologies whether quantitative or qualitative that make claims of scientific objectivity.
In-depth assessment and evaluation of society and culture to make known and challenge power structures.
The goal is to change limiting social conditions.
Interpretivism
It incorporates human interest in a study.
It focuses on meaning, it is used "to group different approaches" in order to reveal different characteristics of the subject of study.
Access to existing or socially constructed reality is through social constructs such as language, consciousness, shared meanings and instruments.
Interpretivism has a strong critical stance towards positivism that sustains qualitative over quantitative analysis.
Subjetivism
Subjectivism gives primacy to subjective experience as fundamental to all measurement and law.
Our own mental activity is the only unquestionable fact of our experience and there is no external or objective truth.
Post-modernism
It rejects the idea that science can be considered objective.
There is no probability of having objective knowledge.
Culture is changeable, since reality is contextualized within a community, therefore, reality cannot be conceived in the same way by all.
In research, generalizations must be made sensibly.
Generalities: Main Advantages of the Quantitative Approach
Rapid data collection
Data are obtained from a representative group of a population.
Time-saving methods of data collection, as well as how to analyze the data through the use of statistics.
Eliminates bias
There is no possibility of self-interpretations or preconceptions of the results.
The results obtained are statistical and verifiable.
DISADVANTAGES
Human phenomena
It is difficult to understand human phenomena; it is only possible to study what is observable.
So the phenomenon is partially revealed.
Collect reliable and accurate data
:
Data is collected, analyzed and presented in numbers the results obtained will be truly reliable
The use of numbers makes researchers see the subject of study represented in an unbiased and accurate way to analyze it objectively.
Standardized scales
Standardized scales can be interpreted differently by participants.
ADVANTAGES
Influences
It is claimed that many influences affect people's response to questions
The answers are not purely objective.
