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Brain and Behavior Test 3 - Coggle Diagram
Brain and Behavior Test 3
Sleep
stages of sleep
stage 3 and 4
slow wave sleep
slow, large amplitude waves
highly synchronized activity, slowing down
stage 2
K-complex
sleep spindles
relaxation and stage 1
irregular/low/jagged waves
when sleep has just begun
alpha waves
use EEG
polysomnograph
stage 5: REM/paradoxical
irregular, low voltage, fast waves
muscles relaxed but no movement
brain:
inc. pons and limbic
pons signals CNS to inhibit motor neurons
dec. visual, motor, dorsolateral prefrontal
PGO waves
chemicals
serotonin regulates/interrupts sleep
acetylcholine makes people fo to REM
order of the stages
length if stages dec. as night goes on
early night: 3 and 4
around 90 min for each stage
not sleep
vegetative state
alt. b/n sleep and moderate arousald w/o awareness
minimally conscious state
some comprehension/action sometimes
coma
low en=vel of brain act,no response l
brain death
NO brain activity
sleep problems
insomnia
phase delay
narcolepsy
occasional cataplexy
hypnagogic hallucinations
REM behavior disorder
periodic limb movement disorder
night terrors
biological clock
retinohypothalamic path
how SCN resets
melanopsin
circadian rhythm genes
PER
TIM
SCN
control center for rhythms
regulates pineal gland
melatonin
uses retionhypothalamic path (part of the optic nerve
wakefulness
brain mechanisms
locus coeruleus
in pons
norepinephrine
dormant when asleep
hypothalamus
histamine
orexin
pontomensephalon
excitatory
wakes people up
acetylcholine
chemicals
GABA
basal forebrain
inhibits for sleep
acetylcholine
inc. arousal
orexin
nt
stay awake (not wake up)
reticular formation
arousal
serotonin (interrupts REM)
basal forebrain
acetylcholine
GABA
Reproductive behavior
Hormones
steroid hormones
4 carbon rings
3 effects
bind to MEMBRANE like nts
activate PROTEINS in cells
bind to CHROMOSOMES to activate/inactivate certain genes
2 kinds of effects
activating
organizing
2 kinds
estrogens
progesterone
prep and maintain pregnancy
estradiol
binds to alpha-fetoprotein
androgens
testosterone
Reproduction
prenatal development
wolfing ducts
SRY gene
MIH
mullein ducts
sex differences
behavior
vasopressin
activating effetcs
testosterone
arousal
serotonin dec. activity and release
estrogens
menstraul cycle
FSH
grows follicle
raises level of estrogen
LH
causes release pf egg
hypothalamus, pituirtaires, ovaries
when estradiol and progesterone don't increase, period
periovulatory
in brain
hypothalamus
pattern of hormone release
sexual behavior
evoltution
sexual election
gender
gender ambiguity
medical things
2 ova unite
AIS
CAH
prefer rough sports, medium to boy toys
too much cortisol
girls exposed to t early on
1/100, 1/2000
sexual orientation
bio differences
hormones
prenatal
Emotional behavior
James-Lange theory
2 predictions
inc. arousal should inc. emotion
less arousal should lead to weaker emotions
RESEARCH
Pure autonomic failure
Botox
paralyzed people
Lisa felm=dman-barrett theory
basic emotions or continuum
THE BRAIN
behavioral systems
BIS
disgust/fear
inhibits
RIGHT
BAS
approach
LEFT
anger/happiness
the limbic system
amygdala
damage
little arousal fro munpleasant pictures
not recognize fear and disgust
classify emotion picture
Urbach-Wiethe disease
SM
brain damage
ventromedial prefrontal cortex damage
dec. guilt and trust
why emotion?
communicate needs
decisions
survival
startle reflex
Kluver busy syndrome
Agression and violence
heredity
environment
biology
low serotonin turnover
measured by 5-HIAA
combo of low serotonin, high t, low cortisol