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Latin America until the 50´s of the Last Century - Coggle Diagram
Latin America until the
50´s of the Last Century
Beginnings of the century
Latin America underwent
important changes.
The countries were dedicated to producing
and exporting raw materials and importing
manufactured products from industrialized
countries.
The countries' debts grew and depended
on the world capitalist system.
The United States continued with
its policy of "Pan-Americanism".
In the war with Spain in 1898, the United States eliminated Puerto Rico and intervened
in the independence of Cuba in the following years.
In Latin American countries, workers' associations and unions began to be created and new policies such as radicalism emerged.
The Mexican Revolution
After the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, there
was a social mobilization in Mexico, where
peasants rose up to demand political and
social reforms.
The leader of the revolution was Emiliano Zapata and the most popular was Pancho Villa. In the 1930's the PRI party consolidated its power.
Industrialization
Textile and food
factories appeared.
The crisis of 1929 reduced the
demand for their exports, but
centers for manufactured products
were created.
During the Second World War, local
production of manufactured products
was developed: metal utensils, etc.
Industrialization spread in several countries
and the "import substitution economic model"
was applied.
Countries prioritized the production of
manufactures for domestic markets, instead
of importing them from the United States
and Europe. This was called developmentalism.
Labor unions emerged in all countries.
There were strikes demanding better living
conditions and laws were enacted to regulate and
protect labor rights.
Latin America Socialism
Leftist ideas and movements
advocating social justice and
revolution emerged.
The socialist left was very influential
in social, cultural and educational fields.
The Peruvian José Carlos Mariátegui
stood out.
The left was supported
by the communist
movement, whose center
was the USSR.
Socialist parties appeared that maintained themselves without relying on external organizations; and communist parties linked to the USSR.
The populism
Populist organizations were present in several
countries and even reached the government,
promoting developmentalist proposals such
as industrialization to substitute imports.